GIỚI TỪ
(có thể đi kèm N, P, danh động từ Ving tạo thành cụm giới từ)

  1. VỊ TRÍ, CHỨC NĂNG

1.1. TÍNH TỪ

Bổ nghĩa cho N
ex: The book “on the desk” is mine.

Bổ nghĩa cho S
ex: The information is “of use”.

1.2. TRẠNG TỪ

Bổ nghĩa cho V
ex: He solved the problem “by himself”.

Bổ nghĩa cho Adj
ex: The lauguage program was successful “for one year”.

Bổ nghĩa cho Mệnh đề
ex: “In my opinion”, we must cut travel expenses.

  1. PHÂN LOẠI GIỚI TỪ

2.1. THỜI GIAN

in, on, at
ex: in the morning, on Sunday, at 7 o’clock…

by, until, till
ex: by Thursday, in the evening…

from, since
ex: from Monday, since last October…

for, during
ex: for 3 days, during the conference…

in, within
ex: in 30 minutes, within 30 minutes…

over, through(out)
ex: over the last 3 months, through next Friday…

2.2. NƠI CHỐN

at, in
ex: at the corner, at the entrance…

above vs below
ex: above the clouds, below the surface…

beneath vs on
ex: beneath the carpet on the floor, on the desk…

over vs under
ex: over the river, under a tall tree…

between, among
ex: between the telephone and the printer, among the students…

behind vs in front of
ex: behind the restaurant, in front of the building…

beside, by, next to
ex: beside/by/next to the potted plant

against
ex: against the wall

around
ex: around the corner

near
ex: near the subway station

throughout
ex: throughout the world

2.3. ĐỊNH HƯỚNG

for, toward, to

into vs out of

through

across

along

2.4. PHƯƠNG TIỆN
HOẶC MỤC ĐÍCH

by, for, with
ex: by car, for pleasure, with the knife…

2.5. NGUYÊN NHÂN
HOẶC LÝ DO

at, for, from
ex: at the news, for the lack of interest, from overwork…

2.6. CÁC GIỚI TỪ KHÁC

about, of, on
ex: about the decision, on the renovation, of the accident…

as
ex: as team leader

except (for)

notwithstanding
ex: notwithstanding the mayor’s opposition

2.7. GIỚI TỪ ĐẶC BIỆT

concerning = regarding

considering

excluding, including

following

2.8. CỤM GIỚI TỪ

because of = due to
ex: because of the haevy rain…

in addition to (=besides)
ex: in addition to regular working hours

in spite of (=despite)
ex: in spite of his hard work…

instead of
ex: instead of a full meal for luch

thanks to
ex: thanks to you…