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((Rock Formation and Geological Processes), (Sedimentary Rocks), (Rock…

- - - - Magma cools and solidifies to form igneous rocks
    - - Weathering breaks down rocks, sediment is transported and deposited, and lithification occurs to form sedimentary rocks
    - - Heat and pressure cause the alteration of pre-existing rocks to form metamorphic rocks
- - - - Clastic sedimentary rocks formed from fragments of pre-existing rocks
      - Chemical sedimentary rocks formed from the precipitation of minerals from a solution
      - Organic sedimentary rocks formed from the accumulation and lithification of organic matter
- - - - Refers to the minerals present in a rock
    - - Describes the size, shape, and arrangement of the rock's grains or crystals
    - - Measure of the mass per unit volume of a rock
    - - Measure of a rock's resistance to scratching or abrasion
    - - Indicates the amount of open space or pores within a rock
- - - - Extrusive igneous rocks formed from lava at the Earth's surface
      - Intrusive igneous rocks formed from magma inside the Earth's crust
- - - - Rocks like granite, limestone, and sandstone are commonly used in construction
    - - Precious and semi-precious gemstones like diamonds, rubies, and sapphires are derived from rocks
    - - Rocks like gypsum, talc, and salt are used in various industries
    - - Rocks like coal and uranium are used as sources of energy
    - - Rocks break down and weather to form soils, providing a medium for plant growth
- - - - Foliated metamorphic rocks have a layered or banded appearance due to the alignment of minerals
      - Non-foliated metamorphic rocks do not have a layered or banded appearance