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( (Rock Transformation Processes), (Formation of Rocks), (Types of…

- - - - Temperature Increase
        
        In the rock cycle, rocks can undergo melting when they are subjected to extreme temperatures, which cause the minerals within the rocks to reach their melting point.
    - - Extrusive Cooling
      - Intrusive Cooling
        
        When molten rock cools and solidifies either on the Earth's surface or below the surface, it leads to the formation of igneous rocks. The cooling rate determines the texture of the igneous rock, with fast cooling producing fine-grained textures and slow cooling resulting in coarse-grained textures.
    - - Physical Weathering
      - Chemical Weathering
        
        Through the processes of physical and chemical weathering, rocks at the Earth's surface are broken down into smaller particles. Physical weathering involves mechanical forces like freezing and thawing, while chemical weathering occurs through chemical reactions with water, air, or other substances.
    - - After weathering and erosion, the eroded particles are transported by natural agents such as water, wind, or ice and eventually deposited in new locations. Over time, these accumulated sediments are compacted and cemented together to form sedimentary rocks through a process known as lithification.
    - - Contact Metamorphism
      - Regional Metamorphism
        
        During metamorphism, rocks are subjected to heat and pressure, causing the minerals within the rock to recrystallize and form new minerals. Contact metamorphism occurs when rocks come into contact with magma intrusion, while regional metamorphism occurs over large areas due to tectonic forces and mountain-building processes.
- - - - Weathering and Erosion
      - Deposition and Lithification
        
        Sedimentary rocks are formed through the process of weathering and erosion of existing rocks. Over time, these weathered particles are transported by natural agents like water, wind, or ice and eventually accumulate in depositional environments. Through compaction and cementation, these accumulated sediments are lithified and turn into sedimentary rocks.
    - - Heat and Pressure
      - Recrystallization
        
        Under high temperatures and pressures deep within the Earth's crust, existing rocks undergo metamorphism and transform into metamorphic rocks. The heat and pressure cause the minerals within the rock to recrystallize, resulting in the formation of new minerals and a change in the rock's texture and structure.
    - - Cooling and Solidification of Magma
        
        Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies either above or below the Earth's surface. As the molten rock cools, it crystallizes and forms different types of igneous rocks based on the cooling rate and mineral composition.
- - - - Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
      - Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
      - Organic Sedimentary Rocks
        
        Sedimentary rocks are classified into three types based on their composition and formation. Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and lithification of weathered particles. Chemical sedimentary rocks precipitate from dissolved substances in water. Organic sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of organic remains, such as shells or plant matter.
    - - Intrusive Igneous Rocks
      - Extrusive Igneous Rocks
        
        Igneous rocks can be classified into two types based on their formation. Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies below the Earth's surface, resulting in coarse-grained textures. Extrusive igneous rocks are formed when magma erupts onto the Earth's surface and cools rapidly, leading to fine-grained textures.
    - - Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
      - Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
        
        Metamorphic rocks can be categorized into two types based on their texture. Foliated metamorphic rocks have a banded or layered appearance due to the alignment of minerals under directed pressures. Non-foliated metamorphic rocks do not exhibit a banded structure and often have a uniform texture.