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The Period Table - Coggle Diagram
The Period Table
Periods
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Period number indicates the highest energy level (shell) occupied by electrons in the elements of that period.
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The length of each period varies, with the first period having only 2 elements (hydrogen and helium) and the seventh period having the most (32 elements).
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Isotopes
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Isotopes may have varying stability, radioactivity, and nuclear properties.
Isotopes are commonly used in medical imaging, radiocarbon dating, and other scientific fields.
Block Classification
Elements are classified into four main blocks: s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block.
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Periodic Table Expansion
Historically, scientists have discovered new elements to fill gaps in the periodic table.
The discovery of new elements expanded our understanding of atomic structure and chemical properties.
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Synthetic Elements
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These elements have high atomic numbers and are unstable, decaying into other elements quickly.
Synthetic elements, such as technetium and americium, have important medical, industrial, and research applications.
Organization of Elements
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Elements are arranged based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
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The table is divided into periods (rows) and groups (columns) for classification and comparison of elements.
Groups
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Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties due to the same number of valence electrons.
Group 1 elements are known as Alkali Metals, while Group 2 elements are Alkaline Earth Metals.
Group 17 elements are Halogens, and Group 18 elements are Noble Gases.
Transition metals are located in the center of the table, occupying groups 3 to 12.
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Periodic Trends
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Atomic radius generally decreases from left to right across a period and increases from top to bottom within a group.
Ionization energy generally increases from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom within a group.
Electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom within a group.
Reactivity of elements varies across periods and groups based on their electron configuration and valence electrons.
Transition Elements
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Transition metals include common elements like iron, copper, and gold.
Representative Elements
Groups 1, 2, and 13 to 18 are known as representative elements or main group elements.
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