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Module 3 Waves & Theremodynamics - Coggle Diagram
Module 3 Waves & Theremodynamics
Phenomena
Snell's Law
n1 sin0 = n2 Sin0
The angle of Incidince is on the same plane as the angle of refraction.
n = refractive index = speed of light/velocity of wave in material
Doppler Effect
Observed Frequency = Original Frequcy x vwave-voberserve/vwave- v Source
high pitch approaching
Superposition
When multiple waves interact with eachother
amplitudes added
Constructive interference
when interacting undergo interference or superposition
Amplitudes minused
Deconstructive inteference
Waves out of phase
if two same exact waves are transmitted out of phase by half a wavelength = nothing
Refraction & Reflection
Reflection is refraction when due to angle of incidence and refractive index causes angle of refraction to be greater then 90
Convex
Concave
Refraction is the change of direction of a wave due to change in mediums
Mechanical waves turn away from normal when enetering denser medium
EM waves turn towards normal when entering denser medium
Diffraction
Waves being spread out after passing through a gap in a barriar
Wavelength = Gap size
Harmonics
fundamental harmonic
1/2 wavelength = 2L
v = fλ
f= 2v/L
f=λ/T
f = 2L/T
2nd harmonic
1 wavelength = L
L =2λ/2
f2= nfo
3rd harmonic
1.5 wavelengths
Resonance
When waves matches frequency of natural vibration
Open pipe=n λ/4 =L
Only Resonant Harmonics
Intensity
I1r1=I2R2
I ∝ 1/d^2
Si unit Wm-2
Beats
Features
Frequency
f = 1/T
wave lengths per second
Period
T = 1/f
How long it takes for 1 wavelength to occur
Amplitude
distance from line of propogation
Wavelength
The distance it takes for a wave to return to original position
Velocity
V = fλ
What is the wave
Transverse
Wave travels perpindicular to the direction of propogation
All EM waves are tranverse
The movement of energy without net movement
Longitudinal
waves travel parallel to direction of propagation
All Sound waves are longitudinal
EM waves
Can travel in a vacuum
Magnetism flows outwards perpindicular to propogation
Mechanical waves
requires a medium to propogate
Sound Waves
Speed of Sound =
343m/s
pitch relates to frequency as they are exact same thing
Amplitude is equal to Volume/Loudness
Light Waves
Speed of Light =
300 000 000 m/s
Speed of light is constant
Thermodynamics
Transfer of Heat
Conduction
Through Solids
Radiation
Through air
Convection
Through air or liquid
Temperature
The Average Kinetic energy of particles of an object
Thermal equilibrium
The state of all objects in contact reaching same temperature
Calculations
Q=mc^T
Q
Heat Energy
m
mass
c
heat Capacity
^T
Change in temperature
Latent heat of
fusion
The heat energy required to solidify
Vaporisation
Heat energy required to evaporate
Graph will flatten during phase change
^U = Q - W
Ray Model of light
Straight lines representing compressions or amplitudes
