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Ch. 14 Quantitative Analysis: Descriptive Statistics - Coggle Diagram
Ch. 14 Quantitative Analysis: Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive Analysis
refers to statistically describing and presenting the constructs of interest between these constructs.
Inferential Analysis
refers to the statistical testing of hypotheses (theory testing).
Data Preparation
Data coding
is the process of converting data into numeric format.
Codebook
is a comprehensive document containing detailed descriptions of each variable in a research study.
Data entry
coded dtat can entered into a spreadsheet, database etc into a statistical program.
Missing values
- missing data is an inevitbale part of any empirical data set.
Data transformation
- this is necessary to transform data before they can be interpreted.
Univariate Analysis
- Single variable refers to a set of statistical techniques that can describe the general properties of one variable.
Frequency distribution
- variable is a summary of the frequency of individual values or ranges for that variable
Central tendency
- an estimate of the center of a distribution of values.
Arithmetic mean
- the simple average of all values in a given distribution
Median
- the middle value within a range of values in a distribution
Mode
- the most frequently occurring value in a distribution of values
Dispersion
refers to the way values are spread around the central tendency.
Range
is the difference between the highest and lowest values in a distribution
Standard deviation
- second measure of dispersion corrects for outliers by using a formula that takes into account how close or how far each value from the distribution
Bivariate Correlation
- examines how two variables are related to each other.
P-value
- the probability that a statistical inference is caused pure chance
Significance level
- the pe-value which represents the maximum level of risk that we are willing to take that our inference is incorrect.
The
degree of freedom
is the number of values that can vary freely in any calculation of a statistic
Pearson product moment correlations
- if correlations involve variables measured using interval scales
A
cross tab
is a table that describes the frequency or percentage of all combinations of two or more nominal or categorical variables