The paper discusses how modern techniques and traditional ecological knowledge are now part of sustainable watershed management. It shows how watershed management has evolved from just focusing on water resources to including biological, physical, and social aspects. This practice, dating back to 2000 BC, has adapted to address ecological, social, and economic challenges. The paper emphasizes the need for an ecosystem-based approach, especially with climate change and population growth. It highlights the importance of new technologies like remote sensing, GIS, big data, and multi-level social-ecological systems analysis. The authors stress the need for collaboration and stakeholder involvement. Three case studies from China, Europe, and Canada illustrate the successes and challenges of integrated watershed management globally.