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Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 - Coggle Diagram
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Altered Physiology Leading to the Disease State:
Impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells.
Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues (muscle, fat, liver).
Chronic hyperglycemia.
Clinical Manifestations
Slow healing of sores.
Blurred vision.
Fatigue.
Unintended weight loss.
Polyphagia (increased hunger).
Polydipsia (increased thirst).
Polyuria (increased urination).
Hyperglycemia (elevated blood glucose levels).
Cardiovascular System
Increased risk of atherosclerosis.
Hypertension.
Coronary artery disease.
Stroke.
Renal System
Diabetic nephropathy.
Chronic kidney disease.
Proteinuria.
Nervous System
Peripheral neuropathy.
Autonomic neuropathy.
Increased risk of foot ulcers and infections.
Ocular System
Diabetic retinopathy.
Cataracts.
Glaucoma.
Integumentary System
Skin infections.
Poor wound healing.
Lifestyle Modifications
Diet: Low carbohydrate, high fiber diet.
Exercise: Regular physical activity.
Weight management.
Pharmacological Treatments
Pharmacological Treatments
Oral hypoglycemic agents (Metformin, Sulfonylureas, etc.).
Insulin therapy.
SGLT2 inhibitors.
GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Monitoring and Management
Regular blood glucose monitoring.
HbA1c testing.
Blood pressure monitoring.
Lipid profile monitoring.
Complication Management
ACE inhibitors or ARBs for nephropathy.
Statins for dyslipidemia.
Antiplatelet therapy for cardiovascular protection.
Foot care and regular podiatric check-ups.