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PNEUMONIA, image, treatment, image, Risk factor, Prevention, image, image,…
PNEUMONIA
inflammation that affects the lung parenchyma, distal to the terminal bronchioles which include the respiratory bronchioles, and alveoli, and causes consolidation of lung tissue and disruption of local gas exchange.
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etiology
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nosocomial pneumonia
gram negative intestinal bacilli
(E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia)
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Clinical Manifestations
fever, chills, sweating, cough, chest pain and congested
Physical examination
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tachypnea, increased or decreased tactile fremitus
sound bronchial breathing, pleural friction rub
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Diagnosis
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found signs of consolidation, breath sounds bronchial and crackles
Leukocytes > 10,000 or < 4500 12.13
treatment
Antibiotic Therapy
Azithromycin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, penisilin, or doxycycline
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Prognosis
In general, the death rate for pneumonia by pneumococcus is 5%, but can increase in the future aged and in poor condition.
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- Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI).2014. Pneumonia komunitas. Pedoman Diagnosis dan
Penatalaksanaan di Indonesia. Jakarta: PDPI.
- Steel HC, Cockeran R, Anderson R, Feldman C. 2013.Overview of community-acquired pneumonia and the role of inflammatory mechanisms in the immunopathogenesis of severe pneumococcal disease. Mediators of Inflammation. vol. 2013. hlm.1-18.
- Wunderink, R. G., & Waterer, G. W. (2014). Community-acquired pneumonia. The New England journal of medicine, 370(19), 1863. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1402692
- Torres, A., Cilloniz, C., Niederman, M. S., Menéndez, R., Chalmers, J. D., Wunderink, R. G., & van der Poll, T. (2021). Pneumonia. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 7(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-021-00259-0
- Jain V, Vashisht R, Yilmaz G, et al. Pneumonia Pathology. [Updated 2023 Jul 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526116/
- Lim W. S. (2022). Pneumonia—Overview. Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine, 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.11636-8
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