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一般動詞, Ving, 一般助動詞, VR (原型), Vp.p - Coggle Diagram

- - - - will + VR
- - - - be+Ving
        
        現在進行式
        
        過去進行式
- - - - be+Vp.p
    - - have+Vp.p
- - - - 進行中
      - 表未來
        
        已計畫好的未來
        
        短期內會發生
        
        be going to VR
    - - have/has/had+Vp.p+Ving
- - - - 用法
        
        否定
        
        主要句疑問句倒裝
        
        取代先前出現過的動詞
- - - - 主詞
        
        To treat others well is important.
        
        Treating others well is important.
      - 受詞
        
        I like to play the piano.
        
        I like playing the piano.
    - - 主詞補語
        
        To see is to believe.
        
        Seeing is believing.
      - 受詞補語
        
        I have things to do.
        
        They saw us drinking coffee.
- - - - have/has+Vp.p
    - - will have+Vp.p
    - - had+Vp.p.
  - - - The proven truth is brutal.
    - - The frozen river allows people to skate on it.
    - - The poor beggar stranded in the city scares the citizens away.
    - - Ｉam a red-haired girl.