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CHAPTER1, Elevator - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Automative Engine Plant
        
        Output: Shaft Speed
        
        Input: Fuel Rate and Pump Rate
      - Furnace
        
        Output: Actual Heat
        
        Control System: Fuel Valves and actuator
        
        Input: Desire Heat
  - - - Steady-state response only exists for stable systems. A key design feature is minimizing steady-state error; a good system has little to no error.
    - - A stable system produces a steady output, while an unstable system can cause serious accidents
    - - Transient response occurs when the system changes from one steady state to another due to input signal changes.
- - - - An ideal system
      - Several tool/techniques can be used to solve the control problems
      - Is always used during the analysis and design phase
      - Example: DC motor
    - - Systems that normally exist in the real world and difficult to
        analyze
      - No general method to find the control solution
      - Approximations are normally made so that the system behaves like a linear system to allow analysis and design
      - Example: AC motor, inverted pendulum
  - - - signals that are used in subsystems and components in the control system is in time domain, t.
    - - signals that are used in subsystems and components in the control system are in discrete or digital form.
  - - - Control variables: displacement/position, speed, acceleration
      - Fast system response with small delay time
      - Input may be fixed or changing
      - Normally involves electrical or hydraulic manipulators
    - - Control variables: temperature, flow, level, pressure
      - Slow system response with large delay time
      - System responds to a fixed set point
      - Examples of manipulators include pneumatic manipulators
        and heating elements
- - - - ADVANTAGE
        -Simplicity: Open loop systems are generally simpler and less expensive to implement because they do not require feedback mechanisms.
        -Predictability: The output can be precisely determined based on the input and system characteristics, making them suitable for processes where the environment is stable and predictable.
        
        DISADVANTAGE
        -Lack of Accuracy: Since open loop systems do not consider the actual output or external disturbances, they are prone to errors and inaccuracies.
        -Inability to Correct Errors: There is no feedback loop to correct deviations from the desired output, which can lead to issues if conditions change.
  - - - Example: Thermostat-controlled Heating System
        
        ADVANTAGE
        -Accuracy: Closed loop systems continuously compare the actual output with the desired setpoint, allowing them to maintain precise control over the output.
        -Adaptability: They can adapt to changes and disturbances in the environment, ensuring consistent performance under varying conditions.
        
        DISADVANTAGE
        -Complexity: Closed loop systems are more complex and typically more expensive to implement due to the need for sensors, feedback mechanisms, and controllers.
        -Potential Stability Issues: Improper tuning of closed loop systems can lead to instability or oscillations in the output, requiring careful design and adjustment.