Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
INTRODUCTION OF CONTROL SYSTEM, ahli: amirul aiman, khairi hafizin, fatin…
INTRODUCTION OF CONTROL SYSTEM
1.4 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OBJECTIVES
Elevator
A control system responses to an input by undergoing a transient response before reach a steady state
Furnace
Input: Desired heat
Control System: Fuel valves and actuator
Output: Actual heat
Automative engine (plant)
Input: fuel rate & pump rate
Output: shaft speed
3 Main objective in designing control system
Transient response
Too fast = uncomfortable
Too long = booring
Stability
consistent output = may cause injury
Steady State Response
steady state error has to be small
Only exist in stable system
step 3: Transform the physical system into schematic diagram
step 4: Development of mathematical modelling
step 2: Draw functional block diagram
step 5: Block diagram reduction
step 6: Analysis and design
step 1: Transforming the requirements into physical system and design specifications
1.5 OPEN LOOP AND CLOSE LOOP
Open loop System
open loop system is that it cannot compensate for any disturbances that add to the controller driving signal.
Example Open loop system:
P.A System
Toaster
Light switch
Tv remote control
Advantages:
Simplicity
Low-cost
Easy maintenance
Disadvantages
Poor Reliability
Poor Flexibility
Can't handle disruption
Close loop system
A system mechanical or electronic device that automatically regulates a system to maintain a desired state or set point without human interaction.
Example close loop system:
Cruise control
Washine machine water level
Elevator
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages
Flexible and Faster Recovery
Continuos Improvement
Reliable and accurate
Disadvantages
Required heavy documentatation
expensive and exclusive
costly and intensive training
1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF CONTROL SYSTEMS
Classification based on the mathematical
model of the system
Linear control systems
Several tool/techniques can be used to solve the control problems
Is always used during the analysis and design phase
Example: DC motor
An ideal system
Non-linear control systems
Systems that normally exist in the real world and difficult to
analyze
No general method to find the control solution
Approximations are normally made so that the system behaves like
a linear system to allow analysis and design
Example: AC motor, inverted pendulum
Classification based on groups
Kinetic (tracking) control systems
Fast system response with small delay time
Control variables: displacement/position, speed, acceleration
Input may be fixed or changing
Normally involves electrical or hydraulic manipulators
Process (regulating) control systems
Slow system response with large delay time
System responds to a fixed set point
Control variables: temperature, flow, level, pressure
Examples of manipulators include pneumatic manipulators
and heating elements
Classification based on type of signals used
Continuous control systems
signals that are used in
subsystems and components is in time domain, t
Discrete type control systems
signals that are used in
subsystems and components are in discrete or digital form
1.3 ADVANTAGES OF CONTROL SYSTEMS
Power Amplification
in moving the radar antenna position to certain angle, small input power is amplified to produce high output torque
Remote Control
in controlling the movements of robots working in contaminated areas where human presence should be avoided
Convenience of Input Form
in a temperature control system, the turn of a knob corresponds to certain desired room temperature exp: thermostat
Compensation for Disturbance
to maintain antenna position in the presence of strong wind
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Basic elements of control system
Controller
Input
Plant
Output
NATURAL –WITHIN HUMAN BODY
adrenalin increases along with our heart rate, causing more oxygen to be delivered to our cell
Malfunction of control systems can lead to accidents
NON PHYSICAL WORLD
automatic control of a student performance
MAN MADE CONTROL SYSTEM
CD player, radio antenna, rockets/missiles, robots, oven, and
room air conditioner
Control system is an interconnection of components forming a
system configuration to provide a desired system response.
ahli: amirul aiman, khairi hafizin, fatin haziqah, arissa balqis, aina qistina