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TOURISM CHP 1: Tourism Activity - Coggle Diagram
TOURISM CHP 1: Tourism Activity
tourism system
What is a tourist
a person who makes a trip outside their usual environment for leisure or personal purposes
domestic and international tourist
trip may be completed within the same day of may last several days including overnight stays
What is a tourist system
Tourist generating region: where tourist come from and where people and business offer tourist products and experiences
tourist destination region: place that attracts tourists and has amenities and facilities to aid tourists
transit route: the region/ route a tourist travels through to reach their destination (e.g. stopover points for convenience/ attractions
How do availability of transit routes influence travel between regions
limited/ inconvenient transit routes: volume of travel low
more transit routes: higher travel volume
eg. sg and brazil has lack of direct flights and inconvenient transit routes so fewer travel between sg and brazil
eg. sg and New Dehli flight too long and there may not be direct flights to suit their schedules.
People prefer to go to Bangkok (transit route) before continuing their jounrney
Relationship between tourist generating and tourist destination regions
The movement of tourists generating to destination regions occur due to a combination of push and pull factors
push
1.stressful work environments
2.unpleasant living environments including overcrowding and pollution
lack of recreational and entertainment options
pull
places of scenic beauty
2.speical events like concerts and festivals
3.attractions, facilities and amenities provide positive experiences
tourists, businesses and organisations in tourist generating and destination regions are mutually dependent
tourists require services/ tour operations in tourist destinations to plan their trips
tour operators depend on hotels in tourist destination regions in order to plan the accommodation for tourists
hotels depend on tour operators to direct tourists to them to earn profits
How does tourism interact with nature, communities and economies within the local environment and beyond
negative
tourists visit a nature park and irresponsibly leave behind waste, the environment may degrade
contributed to 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions
positive
tourists pay villagers to reach them how to create traditional pottery generating revenue for the villagers
help local economy and preserve local traditon
generate more than US$4trillion to the global economy in 2020
change in nature, communities and economies within the environment can affect the tourism system and vice versa
economic downturn in tourism generating regions
less demand for travel
fewer tourists generating regions result in less demand for travel
less income in tourist destination regions and transit routes
environmental damage reduced
New attraction opens at tourist destination regions
returning tourist share positive experiences
increase in motivation to travel
number of travellers increases
greater income generated at both transit routes and destination regions
development of tourist regions over time
refer to tb pg.17
not all tourist regions go through all stages in linear fashion
basically: number of tourist grow, money grow, more tourist catered facilities built, more ppl employed for tourism industry
cuz of tourism environment overcrowded and got negative effects so ppl stop coming to tourist destination, less money gain negatively affect economy
more competition from other tourist region also lead to less tourists and money
but then make destination region more attractive with new facilities, increase in tourists and money
reasons for the growth of tourism
increase in motivation
need for relaxation: ppl need to rejuvenate and relax
need for nature
e.g. a survey found that British tourists visit phucket (famous for beaches to rest and relax)
recreational activities to provide a diff routine from their daily lives to escape stress and worries
e.g. Universal studios features rides, shows and attractions immersing visitors in a completely different setting from their usual lives
over 18mill visitors in 2019
Personal growth and fulfillment
travel allows them to develop themselves further by learning something new or improving their existing knowledge and skills
e.g. many cooking schools set up in Bali for tourists to learn more about Balinese culture
challenging activites allow tourists to stretch themselves emotionally and physically
e.g. the number of tourists climbing mount everast has increase steadily over the past decades
discover unique travel experiences
satisfy curiosity about the world and explore new environments
eg. tourism numbers in Antarctica have increased significantly in the last two decades
does everyone have the same motivation to travel?
ppl are unique
some want relax some want to fulfill curiosity
many tourists have a mix of needs
eg. Scuba in Bali fulfill relaxation and unqiue travel experience
eg. whale wathcing is relaxation and self-fulfilment
ability to travel
Increase in disposable income
economic development lead to more disposable income (extra money that can be spent)
eg. in china as GDP quadrupled, international tourism grew from about 9mil departures in 1999 to 154 mil departures in 2019
increase in leisure time
gov and businesses give ppl more leisure time and paid leaves
eg. in 2015 the Chinese gov encouraged employers to give workers half a day of paid leave on Fridays during the summer months to boost domestic tourism
business innovations in the tourism industry
More options and value- for-money options
eg. Thomas Cook invented tour packages which made travel affordable for ppl in uk. Tour companies purchase transport and accommodation in bulk at discounted prices then sell them off through tour packages
websites and applications for more personalised and value-for-money experirences
eg. Expedia and Trivago compare trip reviews and prices and allow ppl to book their trips on these websites
often provide promotional prices for transport and accomodation
lower transport costs
air transport increasingly affordable with budget airlines and fuel-efficient planes to lower fuel prices
eg. AirAsia is a budget airline with significantly lower prices and has become popular for travel within southeast asia
lower accomodation costs
variety of accomodation types increased caters to diff budgets
eg. Airbnb offers options for accomodation and connect ppl who want to rent their homes out to tourists increasing variety of accommodations
more than 2mill ppl stay in Airbnb everyday in 2019
increase in mobility
expansion of public transport services and infrastructure
more airport, roads and railways constructed, improve connectivity, tourists can travel more places in shorter times
eg. Changi Airport terminal 4 means more flights connecting sg and other parts of asia
countries expanded their network of public transport services, travelling within destination region more convenient
eg .Public transport in sg expand over the years. Mrt can access tourist places like gardens by the bay and have multiple languages at mrt stations helping tourists to navigate
introduction of new modes of travel
development of transport technology resulted in new modes of transport
eg .technology enabled airplanes to travel further faster and be fuel-efficient. lead to less travel time, increased convenience of travelling long distances, lower travel costs
in 1965, conventional train take almost 7h to go from Tokyo to Osaka now bullet train take about 3h
increased private car ownership
families can travel to more destinations comfortably and conveniently
eg. hotel and motel businesses expanded after private car ownership in US increased
eg. car ownership in india increased so Srinagar city known for holy sites and mountain peaks have influx of ppl visiting by car in summer
different personality characteristics of tourists
dependables
more cautious about spending money
guided by authority, follow trends set by other venturers and public personalities
prefer structure and routine
travel in groups as they like to feel comfortable and secure
visit popular and familiar destinations with well developed facilities
prefer mass tourism
likely to visit the same place again
venturers
spend money readily
guided by personal judgement rather than authority figures in making decisions
spontaneous and have a diversity of activities
explore less developed places and set trends for others
more likely to visit new places each time, travel alone
how does these characteristics influence travel patterns
features of a tourist destination can appeal to certain characteristics
Mongolia:
dependables visit urban attractions
venturers visit more under-developed areas such as plains or grasslands which may not have convenient tourist facilities