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pathophysiology of elimination. - Coggle Diagram
pathophysiology of elimination.
Urinary Dysfunction
Alterations of Motility
Definition: Changes in the normal movement and flow of urine.
Causes: Bladder stones: Obstruction causes improper flow.
Detrusor muscle instability: Leads to overactive bladder.
Disease Process: Overactive bladder
Treatments: Anticholinergics: Reduce bladder muscle spasms. Bladder training: Behavioral therapy to control urge.
Alterations of Neuromuscular Function
Definition: Impairments in the nervous and muscular control of the urinary system.
Causes: Spinal cord injury: Disrupts nerve signals to bladder.
Multiple sclerosis: Affects nerve pathways controlling urination.
Disease Process: Neurogenic bladder
Treatments: Intermittent catheterization: Helps to empty the bladder regularly.
Antimuscarinic drugs: Reduce bladder spasms.
Alterations of Patency
Definition: Blockage or narrowing of the urinary tract.
Causes: Urethral stricture: Scarring that narrows the urethra.
Prostate enlargement: Compresses urethra in men.
Disease Process: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Treatments: Alpha-blockers: Relax prostate and bladder neck muscles.
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): Surgical procedure to remove prostate tissue.
Alteration of Perfusion
Definition: Insufficient blood flow to the urinary organs.
Causes: Renal artery stenosis: Narrowing of renal arteries.
Hypertension: Chronic high blood pressure damaging renal arteries.
Disease Process: Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Treatments: ACE inhibitors: Lower blood pressure and improve blood flow.
Dialysis: Removes waste products and excess fluid from the blood when kidneys fail.
Bowel Dysfunction
Alterations of Motility
Definition: Changes in the normal movement of the bowel.
Causes: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Functional bowel disorder.
Diabetes: Gastroparesis affects bowel motility.
Disease Process: IBS
Treatments: Dietary modifications: High-fiber diet, avoiding triggers.
Antispasmodic medications: Relieve bowel muscle spasms.
Bowel Dysfunction
Alterations of Neuromuscular function
Definition: Impairments in the nervous and muscular control of the bowel.
Causes: Parkinson’s disease: Affects the autonomic nervous system. Spinal cord injury: Impairs bowel control.
Disease Process: Neurogenic bowel
Treatments: Bowel training programs: Scheduled toilet times to stimulate bowel movements. Stool softeners: Ease the passage of stool
Bowel Dysfunction
Alterations of Patency
Definition: Blockage or narrowing of the bowel.
Causes: Colorectal cancer: Tumors blocking the bowel. Diverticulitis: Inflamed pouches causing obstruction.
Disease Process: Colorectal cancer
Treatments: Surgical resection: Removing the affected portion of the bowel. Chemotherapy: Drug treatment to target cancer cells.