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alcohols and carboxylic acids - Coggle Diagram
alcohols and carboxylic acids
alcohol
uses
disinfectants, solvents for paints, alternative sources of fuel, beverages
organic compounds with the formula C(n)H(2n+1)OH. n being the number of carbon atoms
contains hydroxyl (-OH) functional group
ends with -ol
covalent molecules
colourless liquids
low boiling points
soluble in water
properties of alcohol change
increases by CH2
size of molecule decrease
boiling point nicreases
solubility decreases
alcohols vs alkalis
alcohols:
no effect on litmus
covalently bonded
non electrolyte
reacts with organic acids to form esters and water
alkalis:
turns litmus blue
ionically bonded
electrolyte
reacts with mineral acids to form a salt and water
preparation of ethanol (alcohols)
reation of ethene with steam
C2H4 + H2O = C2H5OH
fermentation of glucose
C6H12O6 = 2(C2H5OH) + 2CO2
a beaker full of water at
37 degrees with anaerobic conditions
containing a conical flask with a
mixture of yeast and glucose
alcohol fermentation is a
process in which micro-organisms such as yeast act on carbohydrates like glucose in the absence of oxygen to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide
chemical properties of alcohols
combustion
alcohol + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water vapour
oxidation
alocohol +
2O
= carboxylic acid and water
alcohol +
O2
= carboxylic acid and water (atmospheric oxygen)
carboxylic acids
organic compounds having general forumla of CnH2n+1COOH
contains carboxyl (COOH) functional group
name ends with Oic
properties of carboxylic acids
increase by CH2
size of molecule increase
boiling point increase
solubility decrease
prepartion of carboxylic acids
oxidation by acidiied potassium manganate
oxidation by atmospheric oxygen
chemical properties of carboxylic acids
carboxylic are weak acids and undergo partial dissociation in water
ethanoic acid = ethanoate ion + H
reaction with reactive metals
2CH3COOH + Mg = (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
(H gets displaced by Mg)
reaction with carbonates
CH3COOH + Na2CO3 = CH3COONa +CO2 + H2O
(ethanoic acid + soidum carbonate = soidum ethanoate +carbon dioxide +water )
reaction with alcohols (esterification)
ethanoic acid + methanol = methyl ethanoate + water
carboxylic acid + alcohols = ester +water
reaction with bases
CH3COOH + NaOH = CH3COONa + H2O
( ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium ethanoate + water)
esters
physical properties of esters
fairly soluble in water
soluble in organic solvents
neutral to litmus test
low boiling points
uses
articial food flavourings
manufacture perfumes
solvents for organic compounds