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PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN LATE ADULTHOOD - Coggle Diagram
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN LATE ADULTHOOD
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT: ERIKSON'S EGO INTEGRITY
final stage of life span
Ego integrity vs despair
Successful crisis resolution brings virtue to wisdom - having lived a life without regrets
COPING: adaptive behaviour that reduces stress from conditions that are harmful, threatening and challenging
COPING MODELS
adaptive defenses (Vaillant)
cognitive appraisal model
problem - focused: instrumental strategies to improve stress
Emotion - focused: palliative coping, aim is to feel better, helpful for ambiguous loss
2 TYPES OF EMOTION - FOCUSED COPING
PROACTIVE: seeking social support. confronting feelings
PASSIVE: avoidance. denial
AMBIGUOUS LOSS
3 COMPONENTS OF SUCCESSFUL AGING
avoidance of disease or disability
maintenance of physical and cognitive function
active engagement in social activities
HEALTHY - ADJUSTMENT THEORIES
DISENGAGEMENT THEORY: decline in physical health brings social withdrawal
ACTIVITY THEORY: activity is linked with life satisfaction, regarded as simplistic
CONTINUITY THEORY: emphasize people's need to maintain a connection between past and present. enjoying similar activities throughout life span
ROLE OF PRODUCTIVITY
productive activity plays a significant role in successful aging: higher self- rated happiness and better physical functioning
factors for retirement:
health
financial considerations
AGE AND JOB PERFORMANCE
older workers are more productive
older workers also tend to be more:
dependable
careful
responsible
frugal with time and materials
TIME - USE PATTERNS OF RETIREES
Family focused lifestyle
Balanced investment
Serious leisure
LIVING ARRANGEMENT
Living in a place or alone: for those who can manage with minimal help
Living with adult children
Living in institutions: for care of frail elderly
Alternative housing options: co-op or mobile home, assisted living
THEORIES OF SOCIAL CONTACT AND SUPPORT
SOCIAL CONVOY THEORY: identify helpful social - network members, avoid unhelpful network members
SOCIOEMOTIONAL SELECTIVITY THEORY: older adults spend time with people who meet their emotional needs
BENEFITS OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
maintain life satisfaction in the face of stress
maintain health and well being
THE MULTIGENERATIONAL FAMILY
LINEAL OBLIGATION: Power and authority remain with elders
COLLATERAL RELATIONSHIPS: family members maintain egalitarian relationships