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Activities of daily living in children with developmental coordination…
Activities of daily living in children with developmental coordination disorder: Dressing, personal hygiene, and eating skills
INTRODUCTION
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) affects a significant portion of school-age children, impacting their motor skills and, consequently, their ability to perform daily activities.
METHOD
Qualitative methods, including focus groups and individual interviews, were used to gather data from parents of typically developing children and children with DCD in Australia and Canada. The study aimed to explore the development of self-maintenance activities and the impact of motor problems on these activities.
INTERVENTION
Dressing
Task Initiation and Sequencing - Establishing routines and using visual aids to help children start and complete dressing tasks independently.
Use of Adaptive Clothing - Encouraging the use of Velcro shoes, elastic waistbands, and larger buttons to simplify dressing.
Prompting and Reinforcement - Providing verbal prompts and positive reinforcement to encourage independence and persistence.
Bathing
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Positive Reinforcement: Encouraging independence and providing positive feedback when children complete tasks successfully.
Gradual Exposure: Gradually increasing tolerance to water on the face by using games or toys that involve splashing water gently.
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Brushing Teeth
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Supervision Techniques: Teaching parents how to provide appropriate supervision that fosters independence while ensuring proper oral hygiene.
Visual and Verbal Cues: Implementing visual aids, such as charts and diagrams, and verbal prompts to guide children through the teeth-brushing routine
Toilet Hygiene
Clothing Adjustments: Encouraging the use of easy-to-remove clothing to facilitate quicker and more independent toileting.
Nighttime Routines: Establishing bedtime routines that include limiting fluid intake before bed and encouraging regular bathroom visits before sleeping.
Step-by-Step Guidance: Breaking down the toileting process into smaller, manageable steps and practicing each step individually.
Eating
Seating Adjustments: Ensuring proper seating posture to support stability and control during eating.
Desensitization Techniques: Gradually introducing new food textures and sensations to reduce sensory aversions.
Fine Motor Skill Exercises: Activities to improve hand strength and dexterity, such as playdough manipulation, beading, and squeezing clothespins.
CONCLUSION
Children with DCD experience significant difficulties in performing ADLs, with motor coordination and postural control being major contributing factors. The study underscores the importance of considering the ecological context in understanding the impact of DCD on children's daily lives and the need for family-based interventions to improve long-term outcomes.
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