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Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction, Links, Disease Key - Coggle Diagram
Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction
Hyperthyroidism
Diagnostic criteria
Physical examination that reveals an enlarged and slightly firm thyroid gland, protrusion of the eyes
History of autoimmune disease, thyroid disease, or emigration from an iodine deficient location
Measuring free thyroxine in the serum
Treatment modalities
Gland destruction via radioactive iodine
Surgical removal of all or part of the gland
Clinical manifestations
Weight loss, agitation, restlessness, sweating, heat intolerance, diarrhea, tachycardia, heart palpitation, tremors, fine hair, oily skin, irregular menstrual cycle in females, weakness
Hypothyroidism
Diagnostic criteria
Serum thyroid hormones may be decreases, TSH often elevated
Treatment modalities
Thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Medications such as levothyroxine
Clinical manifestations
Fatigue, cold intolerance, weakness, weight gain, dry skin, coarse hair, constipation, lethargy, impaired reproduction, impaired memory
Goiter, myxedema, protein-carbohydrate complex accumulation
Addison Disease
Diagnostic criteria
Electrolyte levels demonstrating hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
Serum corticosteroid levels are depressed after administration of ACTH
Treatment modalities
Isotonic IV fluid replacement is infused along with hydrocortisone sodium succinate or hydrocortisone sodium phosphate. This is eventually tapered, and oral replacement of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids ensues.
Increased salt intake
Antibiotics
Lifelong of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement
Clinical manifestations
Hypoglycemia, weakness, poor stress response, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, personality changesdehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypotension, shock, sparse axillary and pubic hair
Cushing Syndrome
Diagnostic criteria
Elevations in cortisol excretion
Imaging studies to locate tumors that may be secreting excess ACTH or cortisol
Treatment modalities
Surgery or radiation
Clinical manifestations
Striae, extremity weakness, muscle wasting
Skin is atrophic and thin, osteoporosis, infections, skin ulcerations, poor wound healing
Obesity of the trunk, face, and upper back
Glucose intolerance
Diabetes Insipidus
Diagnostic criteria
Laboratory measurement of serum solute concentration, ADH levels, and urine specific gravity
Physical examination to detect signs of dehydration and bladder enlargement
Urine specific gravity of 1.005 or less
History of surgery to remove brain tumor, other cranial surgery, or head trauma
Urine osmolality less than 200 mOsm/kg
Treatment modalities
Hydration, Iv hydration with a hypotonic solution
Pharmacologic treatment (desmopressin)
Clinical manifestations
Polydipsia
Highly diluted urine
Polyuria
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
Diagnostic criteria
Hyponatremia, Hypotonicity, decreased urine volume, highly concentrated urine with a high sodium content
Absence of renal, adrenal, or thyroid abnormalities
Clinical manifestations
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, irritability, disorientation, muscle cramps, weakness
Psychosis, gait disturbances, seizures, coma
Decreased and concentrated urine output
Treatment modalities
Hypertonic intravenous solutions
Medications
Water restriction
Links
Production and Secretion Levels
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Diabetes Insipidus
Cushing Syndrome
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
Addison Disease
Impairment of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
Cushing Syndrome
Addison Disease
Diabetes Insipidus
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
Target Cell Response
Diabetes Insipidus
Hyperthyroidism
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
Hypothyroidism
Impairment of Endocrine Gland
Hypothyroidism
Cushing Syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Addison Disease
Hormone Metabolism and Elimination Impairment
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
Ectopic Hormone Production
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
Cushing Syndrome
Negative Feedback Impairment
Cushing Syndrome
Addison Disease
Active Hormone Production
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Receptor Binding Adequacy
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Disease Key
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Diabetes Insipidus
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
Addison Disease
Cushing Syndrome