Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Pathophysiology of Ventilation and Diffusion - Coggle Diagram
Pathophysiology of Ventilation and Diffusion
Obstructive Lung Diseases
Treatment: Inhaled corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone),Long-acting beta agonists (e.g., salmeterol)
Symptoms: Wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness.
Pathophysiology: Reversible airway obstruction due to inflammation and hyperreactivity.
Asthma
Treatment: Bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol), Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone)
Symptoms: Chronic cough, sputum production, dyspnea.
Pathophysiology: Airflow limitation due to chronic inflammation and remodeling of airways.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Restrictive Lung Diseases
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pathophysiology: Scarring of lung tissue leading to stiffness and reduced lung volume.
Symptoms: Progressive dyspnea, dry cough.
Treatment: Oxygen therapy,Antifibrotic agents (e.g., pirfenidone)
Sarcoidosis
Pathophysiology: Granuloma formation in lungs leading to reduced compliance.
Symptoms: Dyspnea, fatigue, cough.
Treatment: Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone), Immunosuppressants (e.g., methotrexate
Vascular Lung Diseases
Pulmonary Embolism
Pathophysiology: Blockage of a pulmonary artery by a blood clot.
Symptoms: Sudden dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis.
Treatment: Anticoagulants (e.g., heparin),Thrombolytics (e.g., alteplase)
Pulmonary Hypertension
Pathophysiology: Increased pressure in pulmonary arteries leading to right heart failure.
Symptoms: Dyspnea, chest pain, edema.
Treatment: Vasodilators (e.g., sildenafil), Diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
Infectious Lung Diseases
Pneumonia
Pathophysiology: Infection causing inflammation of the alveoli.
Symptoms: Cough, fever, chest pain, dyspnea.
Treatment: Antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin),Antivirals (e.g., oseltamivir) for viral pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Pathophysiology: Chronic bacterial infection leading to granuloma formation.
Symptoms: Chronic cough, weight loss, night sweats.
Treatment: Antibiotics (e.g., isoniazid, rifampin), Long-term therapy (6-9 months)
Interstitial Lung Diseases
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
Pathophysiology: Chronic and progressive fibrotic lung disease.
Symptoms: Chronic dry cough, progressive dyspnea.
Treatment: Antifibrotic agents (e.g., nintedanib), Pulmonary rehabilitation
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Pathophysiology: Inflammatory response to inhaled organic dusts.
Symptoms: Cough, dyspnea, fever.
Treatment: Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone), Avoidance of antigen exposure
Pleural Diseases
Pleural Effusion
Pathophysiology: Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
Symptoms: Chest pain, dyspnea, cough.
Treatment:Thoracentesis (fluid drainage), Treat underlying cause (e.g., antibiotics for infection)
Pneumothorax
Pathophysiology: Air in the pleural space causing lung collapse.
Symptoms: Sudden chest pain, dyspnea.
Treatment: Needle decompression, Chest tube insertion
Neuromuscular Diseases
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Pathophysiology: Progressive degeneration of motor neurons affecting respiratory muscles.
Symptoms: Muscle weakness, respiratory difficulty.
Treatment: Non-invasive ventilation (e.g., BiPAP), Supportive care
Myasthenia Gravis
Pathophysiology: Autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junctions.
Symptoms: Muscle weakness, respiratory distress.
Treatment: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., pyridostigmine), Immunosuppressants (e.g., prednisone)