The text explores the modern understanding of conservation and heritage structures, tracing the historical evolution of conservation practices, construction materials, and structural decisions. It discusses damage and collapse mechanisms in masonry construction, emphasizing the importance of preserving cultural values, authenticity, and diversity. Various principles and guidelines for heritage conservation are outlined, focusing on the significance of heritage structures in fostering community, identity, and belonging. The text also delves into the evolution of masonry vaulted structures, highlighting advancements in structural design and analysis techniques. Overall, it emphasizes the multifaceted and dynamic process of conserving heritage structures while ensuring their continued relevance and significance.