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Cell Biology
Cell is the basic unit of life, human cells are
multicellular
and are made up of atoms and molecules such as Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen and other Elements
Our body is made of 200 different types of cells, such as red blood cells, skin cells, neurons nerve cells, fat cells and so on....
An average person has 30 trillion human cells according to recent studies.
Cells helps in controlling chemical reactions through the enzymes.
The life cycle of the cells starts from Interphase this is where most of the cells stays longer from G1 where cells grow and perform its functions, second is S for synthesis where DNA is replicated or copied and G2 where cells prepare for mitosis and meiosis, cell division.
Meiosis occurs in reproductive system a single divide into two and produce 4 daughter cells, cells in meisos are called Gemetes composing of sperm cells from male and egg cells from female
https://www.britannica.com/science/cell-biology
https://askabiologist.asu.edu/cell-division
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
take away
Digestive System it is where the food is being processed. Our body needs food or fuel to function properly and the organ that does that is the digestive sytem.
Food enters the mouth or pharynx where 1st chemical and mechanical digestion occurs with the help of salivary gland the enzyme helps in breaking down the food into smaller pieces "bolus". And the second chemical and mechanical occurs in the stomach
There are stages of how food is being processed in sequence it start with ingestion where food inters in pharynx down to esophagus, digestion from pharynx to stomach, absorption from small intestine to large intestine and elimination through the rectum
The stomach is a muscular bag structure that produces gastric juice a mixture water, hydrochloric acid and mucus enzymes. "
The chyme pass through the small intestine to absorb nutrients. The Stomach has 3 regions duodenum 8.25cm, jejunum 2.5cm where nutrients is being digested, ileum 3cm long where nutrients is being absorbed and pushed undigested material to large intestine where helpful bacteria breakdown undigested material into the rectum for elimination.
The digestive system has 3 accessory organ, such as pancreas, liver and gallbladder. Pancreas produces 1L of pancreatic juice to duodenum per day, this enzyme help breakdown protein, polypeptides, starches, fats and nucleic acid. Liver produces bile to help down break food and Gall bladder store the excess bile that the liver produced.
https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/digestive.html#:~:text=The%20digestive%20system%20is%20made,esophagus%2C%20stomach%2C%20and%20intestines
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9967063/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/digestive-diseases/news/endoluminal-bariatric-and-metabolic-therapies-part-1-endoscopic-sleeve-gastroplasty/mac-20559405
Endoluminal bariatric and metabolic therapies one of the effective treatment for promoting weight loss and metabolic improvements according to the Mayo Clinic research done by Dr. Kumbhari and Badurdeen, last Dec. 12, 2023
Stomach is the 2nd location of digestion occurs and food is broken down into smallest pieces by churning and food turns into "Chyme.
Large intestine absorbed nutrient and water.
Our body is made up of different types of organ system such as nervous, integumentary, lymphatic, muscular, circulatory, skeletal, respiratory, digestive, excretory, endocrine, and reproductive system.
GENETICS challenges
One of the challenges i had is Types of Genetic Inheritance.
Although i understand Mendel's Experiment. I get confused in determining the incomplete dominance, co-dominance, sex linked inheritance.
I get confused with genotypic and phenotypic ratio.
Tracing the inheritance in the pedgree sometimes confusing.
I understand the punnet square and its easy doing the equation.
I get lost when predicting the inheritance but i will get the hang of it if i will practice more.
https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/about-genetics.html#:~:text=What%20Is%20Genetics%3F,brown%20hair%20like%20their%20father
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557383/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gene-therapy/about/pac-20384619?p=1
Current research and treatment for Genetic Diseases is Gene therapy that aims to fix
and replace a mutated gene with a healthy gene it helps the body be able to fight diseases. Gene Therapy is used to treat for a wide range of diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, heart disease, diabetes, hemophilia and AIDS
Biology helps me understand the body organs and its functions.
This will help me prepare for my upcoming program Medical Lab Technician as we will deal with body system and blood.
I plan to pursue nursing once i accomplished all the credits required this course will be of great help as advance knowledge will help me better understand not just the body but the conditions or disease that the body can acquire from its environment and treatment that has been discussed in this course.
As of the current research Blood stem cells is one of the life saving treatment for blood cancer and blood & immune disorder that the Scientist discover they found protein that not only enables blood stem cells to self-renew and it also expands to function effectively.
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https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/stem_cells/
Meiosis
