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MIGRATION STUDY - Coggle Diagram
MIGRATION STUDY
Definition
长期 or permanent relocation of an individual or grp of ppl from one area to another
Such movement expanded the 资源基础available, facilitated overall 人口增长 & stimulated 文化改变 by requiring ongoing adaptation to new environmental circumstances
A perticular kind of mobitlity that involves
a change of residence
the time spent in the new location
the political boundaries crossed
the geographoc character of the two areas involved
the no. of person involved
the cultural & economic characteristics of those moving
这个movement的后果
Factors
Push Factors
Forceful理由造成人们离开他们的residence
Limited personal, family, career prospects
文化或政治oppression (压迫) or discrimination
Localized recession (局部衰退) coz of declining regional income
Disasters - 水灾 地震 战争
Pull Factors
Preferences / Desires that造成人们移民去别的国家
Improved personal growth opportunities
其他家人朋友
Superior career prospects & increased regional income
Preferable environment (climate, housing, medical care, schools)
Types
Free Migration
The person 选择 stay or move
Most migration within counteries, regional or more local, continues to be primarily economic in motivation, being related to employment, 收入潜力, 住房市场
Mass Migration
prompted by push–pull factors that are widely experienced and involve large no. of ppl.
包括movement from densely settled countries to less densely settled ones
Example, 1800- 1914, when some 70 million ppl migrated from Europe to temperate areas such as the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Argenti
Forced Migration
Slavery奴隶制 was a significant institution in early civilizations such as those of Greece & Rome. Slaves 被迫迁移 from areas occupied by the Romans made up the largest portion of Rome's population at its peak
In the late nineteenth century, 来自中国、印度尼西亚（爪哇）和印度的工人were shipped to the new European-controlled plantations of Malaysia, Sumatra (now Indonesia), Burma (now Myanmar), Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), and Fiji.
Illegal Migration
those who consciouly violate immigration law
Desperate push factors (overpopulation, political turmoil, economic crises) combine with irresistible pull factors (高工资, 大量就业机会)
Example, Mexicans move into US every night, the boarder sees many attempts at illegal immigration
Primitive Migration 原始迁移
An early human adaption to environmental conditions, ppl respond to an unfavorable environment by leavng it in search of 一个更有利的环境
Hunting & gathering grps may migrate regulary as the资源of an area are depleted or as game animals move on; 一些农业grps might move as soil loses fertility
其他例子：when populations increas in size so that additional land is needed