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Biology Grade Eleven - Coggle Diagram
Biology Grade Eleven
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Unit three: Organ system
Main take away
In circulatory system arteries carry blood away from the heart and vein carry blood back to the heart. And capillaries are a link between arteries and veins where nutrients, oxygen, and wastes get exchanges.
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Function of small intestine is to digest and absorb nutrition with the help of accessory organs like liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.
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Challenge and Concept
why do arteries have thick muscle while veins have thin muscle if they are carrying the same blood away or to the heart?
during inhalation our body breath not only oxygen but other gas to like nitrogen, what happen to nitrogen in air when inhaled.
from class we learn that gastric juice is a mixture of water hydrochloric acid, mucus and protein. i find is challenging to understand how is our stomach able to have strong acid and we don't feel burn?
i had some challenge understanding, what are bile made up of. Bile helps to breakdown fat and carry away wastes from the body.
our nasal cavity play a vital role in respiration and secreting and mucus help to warm air we breath, not to dry out, and to trap bacteria and other particles like dust.
Application
The heart is made up of four different blood-filled areas, and each of these areas is called a chamber. There are two chambers on each side of the heart. One chamber is on the top and one chamber is on the bottom. (Kids health, 2023)
Saliva is made in salivary glands, and passed through ducts and into the mouth. Saliva is a clear liquid in our mouths that contains many substances important to digestion and it starts the work of breaking down food. Saliva is important to digestion because it aids in the chewing of food, contains antibodies, and helps keep the mouth clean. (Amber 2023)
Bile is passed through ducts that run from the liver to the duodenum, a section of the small intestine. (Amber, 2023)
Homeostasis, any self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival. (Meg 2024)
The diaphragm is a muscle that helps you breathe. It sits under your lungs and separates your chest cavity from your abdomen. Many conditions, injuries and diseases can affect how the diaphragm works, causing symptoms such as trouble breathing and chest pain. (Cleveland 2024)
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Unit two: Genetics
Main take away
breeding between male and female to produce offspring is simply called genetic cross. And the offspring carries the genetic material of each parent.
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The main difference between mitosis and meiosis is mitosis is cell division that happen all the body cells with exception of sex cells and meiosis only occur in sex cells.
haploids are one copy from each chromosome represented are n and diploid two copies of each chromosome and represented as 2n.
cancer is when there is uncontrolled growth and division of cells. rapid division of cells in fast number causes the result of cancer.
Challenge and Concept
In people with down syndrome chromosome 21 is trisomy, but during cell division DNA is divided in to two so where did the third chromosome came from?
Is it possible to say invitro fertilization is an artificial insemination since its done artificially.
during cell division when fist meiosis happen the second cell division is the same as mitosis, my reflection is in meiosis the second part is mitosis or can it be called mitosis one.
how is that male can produce sperm cell enough for life time but female sex cells are limited even though they undergo the same cell division?
if offspring DNA comes from single DNA from each parent why do some siblings look similar others don't even look like they have the same parents?
Application
Cancer cells start to form when genes, made up of DNA, experience certain changes (mutations) that cause the cells to behave abnormally. These changes may be inherited or caused by external factors, like smoking or exposure to ultraviolet rays. Mutations can also be completely random. (Lynne, 2023)
The purpose of mitosis is cell regeneration, growth, and asexual reproduction, while the purpose of meiosis is the production of gametes for sexual reproduction. (Libretexts)
The daughter cells produced by mitosis are identical, whereas the daughter cells produced by meiosis are different because crossing over has occurred. (Libretexts)
Pedigrees are used to analyze the pattern of inheritance of a particular trait throughout a family. Pedigrees show the presence or absence of a trait as it relates to the relationship among parents, offspring, and siblings.
DNA is composed of two strands that form a double helix. The strands are made up of nucleotides, each containing a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
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