HRE

relationship between bishop of rome and emperor

imperial governance

Charlemagne/Leo 800

Greg VII/ Henry IV and Canossa

Great schism -papal authority 2 popes

relationship with eastern empire declining

7 electors Electoral college set up

papal council of trent counter revolution proposals impossible to accept for emperor

Protestant challenge

1419 Hussites

shared financial and military assistance

reformation

imperial estates and mixed monarchy

rights of local towns and areas

concordat of vienna 1448 rdelineated papacy and empire

social conflicts - princes/knights/peasants given access to the supreme court

growth of habsburg empire 15/16 century

maximillians reforms

Reichstags at Worms 1495 - common tax levy, matricular arrangements

defender of western roman christendom

reichkammergericht to arbitrate on disputes

Charles V

sacking of rome

siege of vienna by turks

1555 Peace of augsburg legitimised protestantism within the Emire and resolved the first conflics of the reformation extended systems of collaboration and regional autonomies

30 years war and westphalia - reinforced mixed monarchy

Modern europe

french ambitions destablised hRE borders - Louis XiV

increasing power and status in wars of individual HRE princes and states

absolutism in states with less autonomy for local nobles

Turkish challenges from south

the wars of succession created outlaw states within the empire - bavaria and cologne who sided with france

austrian succession created interregnum

significant austro-prussian conflict

austria first policies of joseph ii

french wars - francis abdicatws and dissolves the empire - 16 swear loyalty to Napoleon

freedoms but not equality

brokerage and negotiation - hubs and spokes - divide and rule

habsburgs personaly catholic but tolerant of protestants

france and spain became the popes champions

1708 austria invaded papal states

1780s joseph dissolved jesuits and closed many monasteries