Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

TECHNOLOGY - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Post-truth politics is the erosion of trust in traditional sources of information. Sway away from media, expert opinions and turn to alternative theories. They use this scepticism towards authority to advance their agendas and discredit dissenting voices.
        
        EG anti-vax campaign
        
        EG Brexit campaign. Misleading claims about EU membership costs, potential saving of 350mil/week if we left the EU. Fake promises which failed to materialise.
        
        Undermines democratic process - subverts the role of informed public debate and critical thinking. When Voters making decisions based on false/misleading information they may unwittingly support candidates that aren't in their best interest. Legitimacy of government.
      - Printing press - first instance of decentralised information. Prior to this only people in power or governments could share information through books.
        
        Information still in the hands of few??
        
        Misconception that social media enabled access to a plethora of views.
        
        Due to echo chambers we are only being exposed to our own beliefs. Curated feeds which reinforce the same ideas and fail to open our minds.
        
        Challenging IRL when meeting individuals with differing views. Losing tolerance and open-mindedness to alternate ideas.
        
        Tribalism and polarisation - hard to have constructive dialogue and find common ground on complex issues.
        
        Held leaders and kings accountable.
        
        CANCEL CULTURE
        
        Innate fascination with the lives of others. Indirectly boosting ones own self-esteem relative to individual being gossiped about. Using misfortune of others to either entertain or find solace in our own imperfections.
        
        Assumption: We are flawless beings endowed with the authority to pass on judgement to others.
        
        Eagerness to gossip overlooks consequences: reputation, isolation, distorted truth, relationship loss.
        
        Our society congratulated for finding faults. being negative normalised such that losing our capacity to express praise.
    - - Commercially fake - changes facts to make news more appealing - click bait
        
        strategically fake - british purposefully shared propaganda that accused the germans of killing babies with their bare hands.
        
        Post-truth news - distorted in a way which isn't fake, but ideologically motivated.
  - - - Predicts, modifies and influences our behaviours.
        
        EG Mood manipulation experiment - by Mark Zuckerberg - which deliberately tinkered with what users saw in their News Feed in order to measure how Facebook could influence people’s emotional states without their knowledge
        
        Authoritarian technocracy
        
        Governance by technology and tech companieis
        
        Mark Zuckerberg prior to his success with facebook invented fashmash after a drunk break uo with his girlfriend - created a list to rate girls across harvard. - is this someone we want in control
        
        Also called harvard users ' dumb f* ' for sharing their personal information to him.
        
        Personalised content, targeted advertising, clickbait headlines - all to drive engagement + attention capitalism.
    - - Economic theories
        
        Adam Smith - individuals driven by self interest and the ' invisible hand ' of the market, unintentionally contribute to overall economic well-being of society. === pursuing your own interests in a competitive market will promote public good. Essentially - the value of free markets.
        
        Human mortality is grounded in sympathy of sharing feelings with others. Seeking approval from others in a desire to be seen as virtuous. Moral behaviour arises from the natural human inclination to harmonise with society and gain social approval.
        
        CONFORMITY/VALIDATION
        
        David Ricardo - countries should specialise in the production of goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage.
      - economic manifestation
      - CONSUMERISM
        
        Fast fashion - sacrificing human lives that are undergoing labour in challenging conditions for our desire of new and trendy clothes.
  - - - John Locke - social contract theory. Obligation to obey certain rules in exchange for protection of rights.
    - - Feudalism
        
        system of class warfare. people working until they'd fall and still starve.
    - - The West is overly individual nowadays.
        
        Libertarianism - maximising liberty. People don't intefere with one another, gov will watch and stop ppl opposing eachother. Neoliberalism - cral back power to libertaneirsm bc gov currently has too much power/
        
        Confucius focused on humans concerns, rather than the ultimate nature of the universe. focused on human concerns, emphasising good gov = social harmony.
        
        Morality instrinic within humans. Mandate. - right to rule by divine approval - rise and fall through MOH (dynastic cycle)
        
        Self discipline as cure for societal problems. better society from better individuals.
        
        we've misunderstood what it means to be ' better '. we have priortised fame/fortune over moral virtue.
    - - Shifted focus of selfhood from external sources to one of mind and consciousness - " i think therefore I am. "
        
        SECULARISM
        
        The absence of divinity. Disenchantment is the cultural devaluation of religion. Religion should be separated from civil affairs. promotes freedom of speech.
        
        CONS - results in marginalisation of religious groups. May lead to lack of understanding of empathy.
        
        EG indigenous cosmology and nature of living sees water as sacred, land deeper metaphysical understanding
        
        Loss of sacred limits to experiments or technological growth.
        
        1950's brought ethics committees for scientific research.
        
        Friedrich Nietzche - " will to power ". Realisation that man is now his own God. Will to power is intrinsic to all living beings, propelling them toward growth and ultimate potential.
        
        Critique of traditional morality - arises from a perspective of weakness. moral values such as altruism and selflessness - " slave morality " - imposed by weaker to control the strong. Morals from Christianity (so he criticises it). Instead advocates for philosophy which celebrates vitality of the human spirit. Appreciates Buddhism which allows for postmodern spirituality to flourish by centring the self in a process of enlightenment, not burdened by institutions controlling individuality.
        
        UBERMENSCH - idealised individual who transcends conventional norms and limitations --> forge their own path.
        
        Paradoxical desires. 1. we desire to be an individual who is totally free and in control. Thus rejecting traditional morality. 2. Our desire for external validation and approval prevents us from forging our own unique path.
      - Fragmentation/splitting
        
        Eg. rich vs poor. modern med into disciplines and systems. families frag by technological isolation.
      - POST MODERNITY
        
        Scepticism towards authority - questioning legitimacy and power structures in institutions and traditions.
        
        Modern science meant to solve all the problems. eg darwin theory proved evolution, but also used in a very racist intepretations with indians and indigenous people.
        
        Einstein - nuclear power (intention of clean energy), but instead led to the Hiroshima and Nagasaki decimation.
        
        Interconnectedness of global cultures and diversity of human experiences. Cultural relativism - dif beliefs are equally valid in their own contexts == globalisation.
        
        Pomo critiques the homogenising tendencies of globalisation, while celebrating cultural exchange. The modern west is culturally necrophillic. - kills differences, hates the Other but celebs its own dead culture.
        
        Racism
        
        xenophobia - hatred/fear of others/
        
        black man - dangerous gang man, criminal
        
        philoxenia - idealisation/love of the other.
        
        Sports athlete, artists, icon.
        
        Casual/normalised racism
        
        Second classism
        
        2 more items...
        
        Skin coloured pencil/ Indian IT guys, Asian good at math. Nude band aids, bras.
        
        1 more item...
        
        Scientific racism
        
        Misuse of scientific methods and theories to support/justify racist beliefs - involves classification of humans into distinct biological races and asserting inherent hierarchies.
        
        1 more item...
        
        Language - reflects shifts in culture, norms, offers innovations. However, there is value in preserving trad lang for clarity, stability and cultural continuity.
        
        Our knowledge (no matter the discipline) is to the extent of definitions. Adheres to grammar rules, syntax, vocab.
        
        POMO lang, with its penchant for ambiguity and abstraction can hinder clear communication = misunderstanding.
        
        Current lang: uncertain, invisible ?, ' uncool ' to know what you're talking about, lacking conviction.
        
        My exclude certain groups, barriers to understanding. Elitist POMO literature. Overly fancy language (simulation of knowledge)
        
        Opressers are professors - maintaining exclusive circles. Reinforce their own authority by controlling discourse with sophistry and lang games.
        
        cultural continuity and identity are deeply intertwined with traditional language. Reflects customs, history and values of community.
        
        Relativism - all beliefs considered equally. Undermines the foundations of reasoned inquiry. Leads to moral and intellectual paralysis and NO BASIS upon which to judge the merits of one truth over the other.
        
        Cultural relativism - important (especially in light of eurocentric assumption and cancellation of other cultural practices)
        
        The Cult of the Self
        
        The self has become our own idol in an idolatrous society of self-centeredness.
        
        We create little monuments of ourselves to worship - experience, quantification of data (likes/comments), money.
        
        No introspection or self examination of our own life. Don't question ourselves to live the Good Life ' ??'
        
        Fantasy of celebrity culture - emulate the ways of celebs who don't even know their own identity. drains us emotionally, chasing an impossible illusion of fame.
        
        1 more item...
        
        State of culture where media is produced in such staggering quantities that it has crossed the boundaries into reality itself and hyperreality prevails.
        
        if culture is how we represent reality and find meaning - there are a plethora of voices and messages now - we are in a HYPERREAL WORLD.
        
        pre mod (arts/theatre) --> mod (film, printing) --> POMo (memes, ads, post = as much reality as trees)
        
        Simulacra - Jean Baudrillard - no longer simulation of reality but simulation of simulation -->referencing and copying old cultural things, big mess if incestuous intertext
        
        Furthermore, is culture has the power to shape our behavriou. Our behaviour is being shaped a proliferatino of simualaiton. We can't tell what is real anymore. This hypepreal world is full of constrating ideas from culture, ads, media. Makes it hard to know which to rely on.
      - GRAND NARRATIVES
        
        Modernism created these overarching explanations of human history, society and progress.
        
        POMO critiques GN - seeing them as oppressive and exclusionary. Instead promotes plurality and diversity.
        
        With collapse of traditional institutions and rise of new forms of communication and tech made it difficult to maintain a unified and coherent view of reality.
        
        Christianity - story of gods creation. provided framework for understanding nature of universe, meaning of life and purpose of morality.
        
        If god does not exist, objective moral values and duties do not exist. Objective moral values and duties do exist. Therefore, God exists.
        
        Gods nature provides an objective moral point for values.
        
        Nationalism - story for a people's history and culture and justifies nation state. Creates a sense of solidarity and unity amount members of a particular nation.
        
        Defines certain groups as outsiders and fixates on arbitrary lines on a map - justifies war crimes, discrimination and violence to other groups.
      - myth of modernity - limitless progression
        
        In context of capitalism, unsustainable. 3% incr annually. More workers, resources, people, demand. cycle - ecological exhaust.
        
        stigma to non-growth. Succumb to binary thinking. Elders not progressing are declining. Traditional values holding us back. Shunt from society (WESTERN)
        
        Distancing ourselves from age -
        
        Products of auto-creation, be agents in our own realisation. Creatures of finitude. We are habitual interveners. Endless quest of never ending life. Ageing has a negative perception in the west.
  - - - Bill Maher show discussing ....
        
        Allows for ideas of European enlightenment being the greatest renaissance of knowlegde. this is stupid bc european were so behind in a lot of things. such as womens rights were preserved in many Aboriginal societies whilst europens were wondering in women had souls.