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DYSMENORRHEA - Coggle Diagram
DYSMENORRHEA
Types
primary dysmenorrhea - occurs when you first start your period and continues throughout your life. It is usually life-long.
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Risk Factor
- Irregular menstrual cycle
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Clinical Manifestation
- Pain in your hips, lower back and inner thighs.
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- Feeling of pressure in your abdomen.
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- Aching, throbbing pain in your abdomen (pain may be severe at times).
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Pathophysiology :pen:
- The endometrium thickens in preparation for potential pregnancy.
- After ovulation, if the ovum is not fertilized an there is no pregnancy, the build-up uterine tissue is not needed and thus shed.
- Molecular compounds called prostaglandins are released during menstruation.
- Release of prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators in the uterus cause the uterus to contract.
- Also prostaglandins contricts the blood vessels which decreases blood supply to the tissue of the endometrium, which in turn, break down and dies.
- These contractions, and the resulting temporary oxygen deprivation to the nearby tissues, are response for the pains or cramps experienced during menstruation.
Investigation :red_flag:
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Blood Test : Full Blood Count (FBC), Blood Urea Serum Electrolyte(BUSE), Electrolyte Sendimentation Rate (ESR)
Radiology & Imaging : X-ray, Ultrasound, CT Scan.
Differential Diagnosis
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- Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
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Management
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2. Nursing care
- Rest in bed according to supine or recumbent, semi flower and flower position.
- Taking and monitoring vital sign such blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate,
temperature and pain score for show progress toward recovery.
- Insert and monitoring intravenous normal saline drip to avoid electrolyte imbalance.
- Administration medication according to prescription such as right patient, right medication,
right dosage, right route, right time, right documentation, right refuse.
- Taking blood specimen and labeling sample for investigation purpose.
- Record tracking and saving documentation for support diagnosis and as proof of activities.
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3. Health Education
- Attending follow up treatment according to the time and date given by doctor.
- Take the medication with correct dosage and timing according to doctor prescription such as 2 time per day (BD), 3 time per day (TDS), 4 time per day (QID), Immediately (Stat) and when necessary (PRN).
- Consume a balance diet based on the food pyramid such as intake of high protein food, carbohydrate food, vegetables and fruits.
- Encourage drinking 8 glasses of boiled water a day to prevent dehydration in the body.
- Avoid drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes because it can affect the health.
- Practice a healthy and active lifestyle by doing light exercise such as jogging, walking, yoga
and so on for a speedy recovery capabilities.
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