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NOUN denotes objects, substances, living beings (people and animals),…
NOUN denotes objects, substances, living beings (people and animals), abstract notions, different phenomena.
The English noun has the grammatical categories of number, case and is associated with the article.
Semantic classification
is based on their meaning
common noun - general name of an object, a place, a person or an idea
concrete can be seen and touched
class (a glass)
material (glass)
abstract - names an idea, some notion
collective - names a group of people or things
proper noun
personal (Mr Black)
geographical (London)
countable/uncountable
countable
singular + plural
(not) many, (a) few
uncountable
only singular
(not) much, (a) little
countable - two numbers
singular
plural
+(e)s
dog - dogs
wish - wishes
BUT a chief - chiefs
completely change
a man - men
tooth - teeth
Identical forms for the singular and for the plural:
a deer — two deer
a sheep — ten sheep
fish - fish
different types of fish - fishes
nationalities
a Japanese — two Japanese
a Swiss — many Swiss
Latin + Greek plurals
cactus - cacti
compound nouns
a boyfriend — boyfriends
a forget-me-not — forget-me-nots
BUT: a passer-by — passers-by
Nouns
ending in -in-law
add the plural -s to the noun:
a father-in-law —fathers-in-law
If the first element is man or woman, both elements аrе made plural:
a woman-driver — women-drivers
исключения (всегда в одном числе)
advice, information, news, clothes, work, weather, glasses, shorts, jeans, pants, trousers