Environmental pollution 
The atmospheric pollution
Some common contaminants
suspended particles (PM)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
nitrogen oxides (NOx)
sulfur oxides (SOx)
volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
The atmosphere as a dispersion and transformation system
Atmospheric dispersion
various factors
Wind speed and direction
atmospheric stability
The topography of the terrain and weather conditions
Atmospheric deposit
Gravitational sedimentation
dry deposition
wet deposition
Chemical transformation
Photochemical processes
Oxidation
Reduction
Hydrolysis
Models of dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere
Gaussian models
CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) Models
Trajectory and backscatter models
Eulerian-Lagrangian dispersion models
Effects of air pollution
Effects on human health
Asthma
chronic bronchitis
Emphysema and cardiovascular diseases
Environmental and ecosystem impacts
Acid rain
Climate change
Sea level rise
More frequent and intense extreme weather events
Changes in ecosystems and impacts on agriculture and food security.
Techniques for measuring pollutants in emission and immission
Measurement of pollutants in emission
Sampling and gravimetric analysis
Gas spectrometry
Mass spectrometry
Gas chromatography
Measurement of pollutants in immission
Fixed monitoring stations
Wearable sensors and personal devices
Bioindicators
Noise as an atmospheric pollutant
It can come from various sources
Vehicular traffic
Industrial activities
The construction
The airports
Some of the most common effects of noise as an air pollutant include
Effects on human health
Stress
Sleep disorders
Cardiovascular problems
Impacts on the environment
Animal species can suffer alterations in their behavior
Migrations and eating habits
Disturbance of the urban environment
Make communication difficult
Interfere with concentration and performance at work or study
Strategies and control measures, such as
Regulations and regulations
Urban planification
Acoustic insulation and design
Control of noise sources
Water contamination
Basic concepts
Pollutants
Industrial chemicals
Pesticides
Excess nutrients (such as nitrates and phosphates)
Pollution sources
Punctual
Not punctual
Eutrophication
Excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants
Characteristics of natural waters
Chemical composition
Mineral salts
Dissolved gases (such as oxygen and carbon dioxide)
Organic substances
pH
be acidic (pH less than 7)
Neutral (pH 7)
Alkaline (pH greater than 7)
Temperature
Gas dissolution capacity
biological activity
The availability of oxygen
Transparency and turbidity
soil erosion
The presence of algae
Dissolved oxygen
Varies according
Temperature
atmospheric pressure
biological activity
Pollution
Operation of aquatic systems.
Water cycle
Biogeochemical cycles
Seasonal cycles and temporal variability
Water contamination
Pollution sources
The point sources
Industrial discharges
Wastewater discharges without adequate treatment
Chemical spills
Non-point sources
Surface runoff from agricultural areas
Urban
Industrial
Water contaminants
They can be of nature
inorganic
organic
Impacts of water pollution
Damage biodiversity
Engage fishing and aquaculture
Harm human health
Evaluation of water pollution.
Sampling and monitoring
Regular measurement of physical, chemical and biological parameters
Evaluate water quality
Detect the presence of contaminants
Laboratory analysis
Water quality information
They allow the identification of sources of contamination
Assess impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health
Standards and criteria
Governmental agencies
International organizations or local regulations
Marine contamination
Pollution sources
have origin
Land
Maritime
Marine pollutants
Hydrocarbons
Heavy metals
Plastic waste
Impacts of marine pollution
The death of marine organisms
Affect your playback
Disrupt food chains
Damage coastal habitats and coral reefs
Waste contamination
Urban solid waste
Residuous generation
Population density
Consumption habits
Waste management practices
Environmental impacts
Pollution of soil, water and air
The emission of greenhouse gases
The degradation of natural ecosystems
Waste composition
organic (food scraps, garden waste
Industrial, toxic and dangerous waste
Waste management
Selective collection
Recycling
The composting
Energy use technology
Types of waste
Heavy metals
Solvents
Used oils
Dangerous features
Toxicity
Inflammability
Corrosivity
Reactivity
Generation and sources
The chemical industry
The manufacturing
Mining
The construction
Risks and impacts
Cause damage to wildlife and ecosystems
Contaminate drinking water sources and affect the health of workers
Fundamentals of Atmospheric Photochemistry
Basics
Solar radiation
visible radiation
infrared radiation
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
UV radiation absorption
Ozone (O3)
Nitrogen oxides (NOx
Reactive species
Hydroxyl radical (OH)
The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2)
The nitrate radical (NO3)
Ozone cycle
The protection of life on Earth
Photochemistry of O2 and O3
Photochemistry of oxygen (O2)
Absorb UV radiation
The formation of singlet oxygen (O2*)
Photochemistry of ozone (O3)
It is formed through the photolysis of molecular oxygen by UV radiation
Ozone cycle
Start with photolysis
Which produces oxygen atoms (O).
Absorb much of the harmful UV radiation
Ozone Destruction
Chlorofluorocarbon compounds (CFCs)
Halons are synthetic gas
Stratospheric ozone
Formation of stratospheric ozone
The reaction of molecular oxygen (O2) with high-energy ultraviolet radiation (UV-C and UV-B) from the sun
Ozone layer and its distribution
Not distributed evenly
It is responsible for absorbing most of the harmful UV-B radiation
Importance of the ozone layer
Prevents damage to living tissues
DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer
Protect marine and terrestrial organisms
The Montreal Protocol and international actions
In 1987
Established the gradual elimination of CFCs
Catalytic destruction of O3 in the gas phase
Phases
Catalytic destruction of ozone by halogens
:
such as chlorine (Cl)
bromine (Br)
Catalytic destruction of ozone by nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Nitric oxide (NO)
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Heterogeneous catalytic destruction
Catalytic surfaces
metal oxides (e.g. titanium oxide, aluminum oxide)
zeolites
activated carbons
Noble metals (e.g. platinum, palladium).
Ozone adsorption
Weak bonds, such as van der Waals bonds or chemical bonds
Environmental importance
Contribute to the elimination of tropospheric ozone
Technological applications
In air purification systems
Ozonation treatments to eliminate odors and contaminants in water and air