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Chapter 15, Chapter 17, Chapter 19, Chapter 16, CHpater 18 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Bold interlocking design
        Design probably from bottom of cowrie shells
- - - - Built as burial vaults for pharaohs (god-kings)
      - Huge stone blocks stacked without mortar
      - Interiors with narrow passageways
  - - - Mask from tomb of Tutankhamen
        
        Only tomb to have remained intact until modern times
        
        Inlaid gold
        
        Formal blend of naturalism and abstract idealism
      - Wall painting from the Tomb of Nebamun
        
        Flat shapes portraying elements of each subject
        
        Clear, non-confusing shapes
        
        Hierarchic scale
        
        Size of humans relates to importance
        
        Attention to detail of animal life
        
        Includes hieroglyphs
- - - - The land between the rivers”
      - Broad plain between the Tigris and Euphrates
      - What is now central and northern Iraq
  - - - Vase from Warka
        
        One of earliest examples of narrative relief sculpture
        
        Celebration of fertility
        
        Depicts humans in harmony with the natural world
- - - - First life-size, freestanding nude statue since ancient Roman times
      - Biblical figure
        Expressive pose
    - - First large mythological painting since antiquity
      - Lyric grace of lines shows Byzantine influence
      - Decorative and flat background makes figures appear to be in relief
      - “Pagan” goddess in a modest role previously reserved for Mary
      - Focus on classical mythology based on Neoplatonist philosophy
- - - - Layered figures
      - Drastically compressed space
      - Foreshortening
      - Object recedes from the viewer
- - - - Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. The Conversion of Saint Paul
    - - Influence of Caravaggio
        
        Dramatic lighting
        
        Off-balance composition
    - - As influential in sculpture as Caravaggio in painting
        
        Life-size, not monumental
        
        Twisted body depicts drama of struggle
        
        Elaborate orchestrations are climax of Italian Baroque expression
        
        The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
        
        Intensity of art apparent
        
        Portrayal of a vision from her diary
        
        Skylight adds light to drama of the sculpture
        
        Moment of greatest emotional impact
  - - - High degree of realistic detail
        Shows Flemish heritage
      - The Raising of the Cross
    - - Shows influence of Italian Baroque painters
        
        Biblical scene of disobedient son returning after wasting inheritance
        
        Portrays miraculous restoration of affection between estranged people, not vision of a saint
    - - Genre paintings raised daily life to great solemnity
      - Concentrated on the way light reveals each color, texture, and detail
      - Images had a clear, luminous vitality
      - The Kitchen Maid
  - - - Painted for Philip IV, King of Spain
      - The Maids of Honor
        
        Unclear subject becomes a riddle
        
        Artist stares out from behind a canvas
        
        King's daughter in the middle
        
        King and Queen in the mirror at the back
    - - "Still Life with Sweets and Pottery"
        
        Stark lighting and bare setting
        Rich bowls of fruit and pastries
    - - Palace of Versailles built for King Louis XIV
        Hall of Mirrors
        
        Expensive glassworks
        Visual spectacle reflecting status
- - - - Davis
        
        Most powerful depiction of David as hero, defender of just cause
        
        Three years to finish large sculpture
        
        Stance in contrapposto
        
        Sense of anxiety and readiness for conflict
        
        Changes in proportion and depiction of inner feeling
    - - Genesis scene, The Creation of Adam
  - - - Complex composition with symmetrical sub-groups
        Central figures of Plato and Aristotle
- - - - Significant, symbolic objects indicate fidelity, fertility in a marriage
        Accurate figures and space
- - - - Intricate designs satisfy urge for beauty
      - Aesthetically pleasing patterns
      - Tells story using script, not figures
  - - - Well-proportioned array of openings
      - Iwan, the large covered porch at center
      - Surfaces with floral, geometric, and epigraphic patterned tiles
      - Color integral to architecture
  - - - Sultan-Muhammad, revered painter of Safavid Persia
      - Allegory on vanity
      - Subtle gestures and detail
      - Rocks rendered in the Chinese style
- - - - Energies of the protesters
        Surrounded by shapes that limit growth
- - - - Translucent webs of intricate decoration
      - Light comes through small openings
      - “There is no victor except God” in calligraphic script
      - Palace itself a contained city
- - - - Ornate pillar with four passageways
        Akbar sat at the center atop the pillar at the metaphor for intersection of religious systems.
  - - - Built for favorite wife that died in childbirth
      - Central iwan fronted with a pointed arch
      - Beauty from expensive materials and poetic arrangement of mass
      - Paradise motif in the inscription surrounding the doorway arch
- - - - Frown upon representation of human figures used in a religious context
- - - - Power to reason
      - Gods had human weaknesses
      - Mortals had godlike strengths
      - Importance of the individual
  - - - Euphronios Krater
  - - - designed by Ictinus and Callicrates
      - Built as a gift to Athena Parthenos
      - Post-and-lintel construction
      - Refined clarity, harmony, and vigor
      - Careful ratio of 4:9 throughout
      - None of the major lines is straight
      - Slight bulge called entasis
- - - - Show love of luxury
      - Survived from Pompeii, Herculaneum
      - One from a villa near Naples
      - Complex urban scene
      - Perspective from Hellenistic murals
      - After collapse of Roman Empire, representation of third dimension ceased to be of interest.
- - - - Developed in times of feudalism and monasticism
      - Visual artists aided religious pilgrimages
      - Need for larger churches
      - Massive fortress-like walls, round arches, and vaults
- - - - Initially forced to hide
      - Burial chambers called catacombs
      - Simplified figure painting
      - Pioneered new type of imperial portrait
      - Head of Constantine
      - Large eyes, stiff features express an inner spiritual life
    - - Apse at each end
        
        Long central aisle called nave
        
        Old Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome
    - - Church of San Vitale
        
        Glittering mosaics covering most interior surfaces
        Figures of Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodor
    - - Image-breakers, or iconoclasts
        
        Punishment of those who owned images of Christ, Mary, saints, and angels
        
        Icons made with precious materials
    - - Closely supervised
        
        Portraying symbolic, mystical aspects
        
        Andrei Rublev, Icon of the Old Testament Trinity
- - - - Ritual vessel
        
        Intricate composite animal forms
        
        Taotie mask
        
        Honoring ancestors
        
        Beliefs evolving into Confucianism
    - - Unified China before death in 210 BCE
      - Intent upon guarding his afterlife
      - About 6,000 Terra Cotta Warriors to protect him
    - - Daoism
        
        Achieving harmony with life force that animates all beings
        
        Mirror with Xiwangmu
        
        Queen Mother of the West in harmony of the Dao
        
        Opposite Lord Duke of the East
        
        Meeting yearly on 7th day of 7th month
        
        Inscription with fortune for the owner
    - - Combines calligraphy and landscape
      - Painting and writing closely related
      - Same brushes and ink used for both
      - Fan Kuan, Travelers Among Mountains and Streams
        
        Kuan regarded as greatest landscape painter of Song dynasty (960–1279)
        
        Imaginative creation intended to capture the energy of nature, not a real place
        
        Massive cliffs in vertical composition
        
        Textured details from specific brushwork
      - Ma Yuan, Watching the Deer by a Pine-Shaded Stream
        
        Meticulous brushwork fades into mist
        Off-balance composition
      - Huang Gongwang, Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains
        Handscroll
      - Qiu Ying’s Fisherman’s Flute in comparison to Fan Kuan’s Travelers
        
        Looming, massive forms offset with fine details
        Motif of scholar finding refreshment in nature
  - - - Rebuilt every 20 years
        Sacred site within a forest
- - - - Religion of nature and ancestor worship
        Gods dwell in forests, fields, waterfalls, huge stones
    - - Rebuilt every 20 years
      - Sacred site within a forest
      - Combines simplicity with subtlety
    - - Buddhist monastery
      - Kondo, Golden Hall where Buddha statues are kept
      - Elaborate bracketing system
  - - - Creator, Unkei, considered one of the greatest sculptors of Japan
      - Depicts legendary Buddhist priest
      - Vivid facial expression
      - Delicate hand gesture
    - - Handscrolls suited for long narratives
        
        Subjects depicted with vividness
        
        Illustrated Legends of the Kitano Shrine
        
        Narrates early history of important Shinto site
        
        Thunder god wreaks havoc on a courtly gathering
        
        Scroll reflects strong role nature plays in Shinto beliefs
        
        Includes other depictions of floods, storms, natural phenomena
    - - Buddhist priest
      - Simplified explosive style called haboku
      - Haboku, Splashed Ink Landscape
        
        Inspired by Southern Song masters
        Suggestion of lines and forms
    - - Waves at Matsushima
        
        Six screens that can form compositions together or separately
        
        Abstracted shapes and spatial ambiguity
        
        Emphasis on repeated patterns
    - - Popular style of woodcut printing
- - - - Buddhist pagodas merged Indian stupa and Chinese watchtower
        Resulting stepped tower adopted and changed by Japanese
        
        Evolution of Buddhist Architecture.
        
        Early Indian stupa. 3rd century to early 1st century BCE. [Fig. 18-4a]
        
        Later Indian stupa. 2nd century CE. [Fig. 18-4b]
        
        Chinese pagoda. 5th to 7th centuries CE. [Fig. 18-4c]
        
        Japanese pagoda. 7th century CE. [Fig. 18-4d]
    - - Distinctive style gained after Alexander the Great’s conquest
        Combination of East and West
    - - Sculptor shows knowledge of Roman, Greek traditions
        Depicted with rich garments and jewels
    - - Noted for developments in politics, law, math, and the arts
      - Carved stone Standing Buddha
        
        Simplified mass of the figure
        
        Wears conventional monk garment
        
        Long earlobes refer to earlier aristocracy
        
        Topknot symbolizes enlightenment
    - - Fine linear definition and elegance
      - Full, rounded shapes
      - This style spread with Buddhism to China, Southeast Asia
    - - Principal gods of Brahmna, Vishnu, and Shiva
      - Hindu temples
        t
        
        Porch for purification of worshipper
        Garba griha, sacred Womb Chamber where an image of the god is kept
        
        Kandarya Mahadeva Temple
        
        Erotic scenes symbolize divine love in human form
        
        Allegory of ultimate spiritual unity
        
        Natural beauty and fullness of human figure
      - Shiva
        
        Encompasses creation, preservation, dissolution, and re-creation
        
        Roles shown in sculptures rich in iconography
        
        "Lord of the Dance"
        
        Performs within orb of the sun
        
        Tramples monster of ignorance
        
        Purifying fire of destruction and creation
        
        Implication of movement
  - - - -Tell story of Buddha’s life
        -Do not depict him directly