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Chemistry, Distillation, Crystallisation separates a soluble solid from a…
Chemistry
Atoms!
History of the Atom!
John Dalton
In the early 1800's, he suggested that all substances were made of atoms which were tiny and hard spheres.
Also suggested each chemical element had their own atoms that differed from their mass. Also suggested they were the building blocks of nature and couldn't be divided or split.
J. J Thompson
Discovered the electron at the end of 1800, with the mass of the electron being 2000 times smaller than the lightest atom. Negatively Charged!
Made the Plum Pudding model, where positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons are placed in the atom like plums in a plum pudding!
Geiger and Marsden
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Neils Bohr
In 1914 Niels Bohr revisited the model and found out that the elctrons should be orbiting the positively charged nucleus.
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Filtration
Filtration
Filtration is a method to separate a solid and a liquid. The solid is collected on a filter paper, while the liquid passes through it and is collected in a separate container.
Crystalisation
Crystallisation
Crystallisation separates a soluble solid from a solvent but sometimes you need to collect the solvent itself instead of just letting it evaporate off into the air. For example, some countries with a lack of fresh water sources purify seawater to obtain usable water. Distillation allows us to do this.
Distillation
Basic Distillation
In simple distillation, a solution is heated and boiled to evaporate the solvent. The vapour given off then enters a condenser. This is an outer glass tube with water flowing through it that acts as a cooling “jacket” around the inner glass tube from the flask. Here the hot vapour is cooled and condensed back into a liquid for collection in a receiving vessel. Any dissolved solids will remain in the heated flask.
Fractional Distillation
The same process but with fractionating columns (columns sticking out of the tube with the distilling flask) which allow any liquid with a higher boiling point to get caught meaning that you only get one pure liquid
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Crystallisation separates a soluble solid from a solvent but sometimes you need to collect the solvent itself instead of just letting it evaporate off into the air. For example, some countries with a lack of fresh water sources purify seawater to obtain usable water. Distillation allows us to do this.
