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Conscience - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The first principle is the synderesis rule: that the good is what all things seek as their end/goal (telos). This means that human nature has an innate orientation to the good
        
        In addition to this, synderesis tells us the primary precepts: preserve life, maintain order in society, worship God, educate children, reproduce. These primary precepts are the articulation of the orientations in our nature toward the good; the natural inclinations of our God-designed human nature, put into the form of ethical principles by human reason
- - - - Freud was influenced by Nietzsche who argued that human conscious mind (what Freud called the ego) developed by necessity when humans underwent the radical change from hunter-gatherer to farmer. Consciousness emerged as the space in-between our instincts and the outside world as a mediator which has to decide which instincts to act on and which not to
- - - - Alternative explanation: These cross-cultural similarities on moral codes might have resulted from a biologically evolved morality rather than one designed by a God, however, which would mean it is not related to a telos designed by God
        
        Alternatively, cross-culture morality might result merely from the basic requirement of a society to function. If anyone could kill or steal from anyone else for no reason whatever they wanted, it's hard to see how a society could exist. That might create an existential pressure which influences the moral thinkers of a society, yielding prescriptions such as the golden rule. Cross-cultural ethics therefore has a practical reality as its basis, not God and not or not only evolution
- - - - Aquinas claim is merely that human nature contains an orientation towards the good, it doesn't involve a commitment to humans actually doing more good than evil, nor to incredibly evil acts or cultures occurring infrequently. Aquinas acknowledges that there are many reasons we might fail to do good despite having an orientation towards it. These include original sin, mistakes in conscientia, lacking virtue and a corrupt culture