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Carbon and it's compound - Coggle Diagram
Carbon and it's compound
Facts about carbon
In earth crust - 0.02%
In atmosphere - 0.03%
Electronic configuration - 6e,6p,6n
valency - 4
could gain 4e or loose 4e - but too much energy needed
carbon forms covalent bond to avoid this
carbon shows catenation
linked through
Single - saturated compound - alkane
Double - unstaturated - alkene
Triple - unstaturated - alkynes
carbon carbin bond very strong - stable compunds
Covalent bond
sharing of electron
have strong bonds within the molecule
weak intermolecular bonds
low MP and BP
Single and double bond
Allotropes
Diamond
each carbon bound to 4 other carbon
rigid 3-D structure
Graphite
each carbon bonded to 3 other carbon atom
bonded in same plane and give hexagonal array
one double bond
Fullerenes
first identified - C60
carbon atom in shape of football
Heteroatom
carbon form bond with halogens
element replacing hydrogen in the bond
Functional groups
Alcohols - ol
Phenol - phenol
Ethers - ether
Aldehydes - al
ketones - one
Carboxylic acid - oic acid
Ester - ate
Chemical properties
Combustion
saturated hydrocarbon - clean flame
unsaturated hydrocarbon - yellow flame and black smoke
stove - inlet for air given for clean burining of gas/kerosene
coal and petroleum - have nitrogen and sulphur
oxides of Nitrogen and sulhpur - pollutant
Oxidation
easily oxidised on combustion
complete oxidation - alcohol converted to carboxylic acid
alkaline potassium permangante or acidified potassium dichromate - oxidizing agent
Addition
unsaturate add hydrogen in presence of catalyst to give saturated hydrocarbon
Catalyst - palladium or nickel
reaction used in hydrogenation of vegetable oil - nickle catalyst
vegetable oil - long unsaturated carbon chain
animal fat - saturated carbon chain
Vegtable oil healty - due to unsaturated carbon chain
Substitution
saturated hydrocarbon - unreactive and inert
in presence of sunlight - chlorine added to hydrocarbon - fast reaction