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Neurological Pathophysiology by Mechanisms of injury - Coggle Diagram
Neurological Pathophysiology by Mechanisms of injury
Ischemic Injuries
STROKE
Causes
Restricted Blood flow to area
Lack of Oxygen to brain
Treatment
Blood pressure control with medications to promote blood flow to brain
IV medication to break up blood clot and restore blood flow to blocked area
Oral medication such aspirin to prevent clots from forming
Symptoms
Can be temporary or permanent
Paralysis of extremiteis
Weakness in extremities
Sensory Deficits: Numbness, tingling
Aphasia:Unable to speak or difficulty speaking
Excitation Injury
Treament
Decreased external stimuli
Supportive treatment of symptoms
Anti convulsent medication
Many times leads to death
Causes
Due to increased Glutamate production after brain injury
Occurs after Brain Injury: Secondary Injury after TBI
Change in neuron impulse frequency or intensity due to Hypoxia
Symptoms
Symptoms become present when Toxicity off Glutamate occur
Posturing/Decerebrate
Autonomic Nervous system changes: Increased heart rate/ Fever
Lack of cordination
Muscle Twitching
Often resembles TBI
Pressure Injuries
Increased inter cranial pressure: Putting pressure on important structures resulting in restricting blood flow
Hitting head on hard object:Swelling or blood
High Blood Pressure:
Often seen after a traumatic brain injury
Causes
Symptoms: Early and Late signs
Nausea/Vomiting
Headache
Altered Mental status
Drowsiness
Vision Changes
Treatments: Based on Underlying cause
corticosteroids:decrees swelling
Medication
Hypertonic Saline:Decreased swelling
Elevation of head of bed
Traumatic Injury
TBI
Behavioral Outburst
Altered Mental Status:Confused
Nausea/Vommiting
May be sudden onset or gradual
Symptoms
Treatment
Medications such as diuretics to decrease swelling
Rehab, Cognitive therapy
Surgical Treatment:Craniotomy
Causes
Falls, Bike Accidents, Car Accidents
Object pierces skull
Forceful blow or bump to head