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crime and deviance - Coggle Diagram

- - - - jock young
      - lea and young
    - - ideological law making
    - - laws protect the interests of the bourgeousie
    - - some laws create a caring face to capitalism
    - - state are reluctant to pass regulations for businesses
    - - criminogenic capitalism
  - - - subcultural strain theoty
      - working class boys gain status frustration in th emiddle class education system
      - form alternative status hierarchies to cope
    - - strain theory
      - people feel strain to achieve the goals of society, but may not have the means to do so
      - conformist
      - rebel
      - retreatist
      - ritualist
      - innovator
    - - subcultures respond to strain differently
      - retreatist subculture
      - criminal subculture
      - conflict subculture
    - - crime is beneficial for society and performs several key functions
      - warning sign
      - boundary maintenance
      - reinforce value consensus
    - - use of sex workers can act as a safety valve
      - prevent men from commiting worse act and breaking the nuclear family structure
  - - - moral entrepreneurs influence our response to crime
      - labelling theory
    - - moral panics
      - use of the media in amplifying deviance
    - - typification of criminality
    - - primary act
        
        the crime itself
      - secondary deviance
        
        social response to the crime
    - - reintegrative shaming
      - disintegrative shaming
  - - - community policing
      - investment in education
    - - relative deprivation
      - people do not have the same material goods
  - - - biological differences
      - the working class have a lower IQ
    - - rational choice theory
      - people make a conscious choice to commit crime
    - - poor socialisation of the working class
    - - broken windows theory
    - - zero tolerance policing
      - situational crime prevention
      - environmental crime prevention
- - - - the media is a social construction
      - crime is not accurately reflected due to journalism bias
    - - news values
      - focus on how the media select their stories
    - - tabloids devote more reporting to crime than broadsheet
      - readers of tabloids are more concerned about being a victim of crime
    - - the media creates moral panics
      - amplifies specific social issues and uses moral entrepreneurs
    - - news overestimates intelligence of offenders
      - media manipulates news stories to praise prosecutors
  - - - people copy criminal techniques
      - viewers of violent media may choose to commit violent crime
      - bandura's bobo doll experiment
    - - minor scuffle in 1964
      - reported as the 'day of terror' in the media
      - deviancy amplification made a minor issue seem more large scale
- - - - conducted a report into the performance of the met
    - - conducted a report into the CJS
    - - canteen culture in the police force
      - jokes made about negative prejudice in the African Caribbean community
    - - institutional racism
      - racism in wider society
    - - black boys join a gang culture due to a lack of a father figure
    - - capitalism rules by consent
      - 1970s black mugger moral panic was used to control the proletariat
      - contributed to societal racism
    - - crime statistics reflect reality
      - racism in society causes black criminality
    - - black people commit crime as an act of resistance
      - replicate ways in which colonial ancestors resisted oppression
- - - - primary green crime
      - secondary green crime
    - - study of harms
    - - an environmental crime is an act against the environment which breaks the law
  - - - humans have an anthropocentric outlook
      - laws act as though humans have a right to exploit the environment
    - - technology has helped avoid effects of natural environment risk
      - human activities have produced new risks
- - - - crime committed by nation states
  - - - authoritarian personality theory
      - personality of Hitler was what made the holocaust occur
    - - steps of denial of state crime
      - deny it happened
      - rewrite the narrative
      - imply it was necessary
    - - state are able to disguise green crimes
    - - types of state crime
      - torture
      - political
      - economic
      - cultural
    - - the powerful can impose their own definition of human rights
    - - nobody can enforce universal human rights
- - - - McMafia
      - organisad criminal networks are on a global scale now and operate similar to TNCs
    - - global criminal economy
      - estimated to be worth $1,000,000,000,000
    - - new formation of cyber crime
      - cyber trespass
      - cyber pornography
      - cyber violence
      - cyber theft
    - - global risk consciousness
      - people have fears of being victims of global crime
    - - new technology has made global criminal networks easier
      - global and local criminal networks
  - - - based in an estate in South London
      - trafficked drugs
      - use ports on the Thames to transport from Colombia, using mafias from other countries to sell
- - - - inadequate socialisation
      - socialised into a culture of violence
    - - overfocus on societal goals pushes people to commit crime
    - - saints and the roughnecks
      - well behaved group were more likely to get away with serious offences
    - - crimes committed by the working class are in the public sphere
      - middle class crimes are more difficult to prosecute
    - - lumpenproletariat
      - working class people who do not work and may make money illegitimately
    - - the underclass
    - - relationship between living in a deprived area and being in prison
    - - dog eat dog mentality of capitalism
      - promotes selfishness
    - - inequality causes crime for those on low incomes
    - - focal concerns
    - - working class areas are more intensely policed
  - - - no strong correlation between social class and offences or drug use
- - - - men commit crime for thrills
      - shoplifting provides sneaky thrills
      - murder is the biggest thrill
    - - patriarchal control theory
      - women lack opportunity to commit crime
      - women are more likely to follow norms and values of society
    - - sex role theory
      - women are genetically less likely to commit crime
      - men partake in compulsory compensatory masculinity to make up for a lack of male role models
    - - men commit crime as an expression of masculinity
    - - class and gender deal
      - women are rewarded based upon conforming to class and gender ideals
      - women who do not have these rewards are more likely to turn to crime
    - - liberation thesis
      - as women become more equal, they will begin to commit crime on an equal basis to men
    - - chivalry thesis
      - males are raised to be chivalrous towards women
      - male police officers are more likely to be lenient with a female offender
- - - - victims of state crime are often poor and vulnerable
    - - social class inequality is worsened as working class are more likely to be victims of crime
    - - state determines victim status
  - - - victim precipitation
      - murder victims in philadelphia began the events leading to their murder 28% of the time
    - - there are 13 characteristics that make a person more likely to be a victim of crime
        
        young
        
        depressed
        
        female