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Tourism Chapter 3.4 - The Environmental Impacts of Tourism - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The establishment of protected areas and National Parks where development is restricted and the habitats are left undisturbed
      - The employment and training of specialised staff to help take care of the animals and maintain the habitats in a pristine state
      - The setting up of environmental education programmes to encourage tourists to care for these ecosystems
  - - - Limitations?
        
        Developing countries may have a lot of degraded environments but yet may not have the money to restore these environments
- - - - Travelling by air or sea or land requires the burning of large amounts of fossil fuels which releases a lot of greenhouse gases into the air
      - Services provided by tourism such as air-conditioned accommodation can also contribute to the amount of greenhouse gases emitted. This can lead to an enhanced greenhouse effect
      - More air pollutants can be introduced into the atmosphere, such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide. This can cause respiratory illnesses such as asthma. these air pollutant can spread over a wide area and can affect many areas and people far from their origins
    - - The tourism industry generates a significant portion of waste
      - In places without any proper waste disposal, tourists may irresponsibly leave trash behind, which can lead to the degradation of the environment such as land and water pollution
        
        Example: Climbers that climb Mount Everest will leave behind tents, litter and even human waste and the slopes of the area. The chemical from the trash will contaminate the soil and ground water, leading to land and water pollution
      - Many accommodations in tourist destination regions may not have the proper sewage disposal systems, leading to sewage being improperly disposed
        
        Example: Borocay Island in the Philippines has more than 200 local businesses are not connected to the underground sewage line. Sewage was not properly treated and was dumped directly back into the sea, leading to the degradation of the water in it, threatening ecosystems
  - - - Tourism may result in an overuse of natural resources such as water, leading to its depletion
      - This can lead to negative environmental impacts as droughts can occur, harming the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and people
      - Example: the booming tourist industry in Bali draws approximately 3 million litres of water per day. Hotels and resorts take large portions of groundwater and public water supply system in order to meet the tourists' demand. This led to rivers drying up, reducing the availability of water for locals, terrestrial and aquatic species. Hence, agriculture was being increasingly unaffordable due to the rising water costs. The higher price of water reduced the profitability of agriculture, affecting the livelihood of local farmers, resulting in a loss of livelihood between them
    - - The construction of tourist facilities may encroach into nature areas, destroying natural environments and threatening wildlife habitats
      - Careless tourists may trample on plants, or make too much noise, disturbing or frightening off animals
      - Example: In the Maldives, the government built large-scale facilities for accommodation, food and recreation for tourists, threatening the coastal environment. Rock and sand are disposed into the sea during the construction, covering and suffocating corals. It has been observed that there is a lack of big corals near the newer resorts. In the long term, animals dependant on the coral reefs for food and shelter, such as reef sharks, may lose their habitat and source of food