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5-8, Chapter 5, sister chromatids identical copies (chromatids) formed by…
5-8
Chapter 7
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The calvin cycle is the cycle of chemical reactions where the carbon from the carbon cycle is fixed into sugars
photosynthesis: plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar
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energy and matter: matter can be anything like this computer. energy is like the the ability to do anything like typing on this computer.
NADP+ or Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate is electron an carrier. It can accept electrons and hydrogen atoms to create NADPH which are used in anabolic reactions like the calvin cycle
Carbon fixation is the process that plants and algae convert the carbon found in inorganic molecules in the atmosphere into organic matter to produce biological building blocks and fuel for cellular respiration.
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c4 plants:is a plant that cycles carbon dioxide into four carbon sugar compounds that will then be a part of the calvin cycle
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Chapter 6
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Cell surface receptors: detect and respond to external signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other molecules, enabling cells to communicate with their environment
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Cellular communication: the process by which cells detect and respond to signals in their environment. This communication can occur through direct contact or through the release and reception of signaling molecules
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chapter 8
cell division: there are two types wihch are mitosis and meiosis it can also be called mitosis i beliebe
sexual reproduction: production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes
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mitosis: is the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division
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Chapter 5
plant form and function: transport water, minerals, and sugars produced through photosynthesis through the plant body in a simiilar way
glycolysis reactions that extract energy from glucose by splitting it into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvates
Enzymes: proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies all living things have enzymes
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ATP: used for various cellular functions, including transportation of different molecules across cell membranes
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Kinetic and potential energy: kinetic energy is motion, potential energy is energy that can be released like throwing a ball
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osmosis: diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential
tonicity: the capability of a solution to modify the volume of cells by altering their water content
hypotonic & hypertonic: A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solute than another solution, meaning water will flow into it. A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solute than another solution, meaning water can come out og it
sister chromatids identical copies (chromatids) formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome with both copies together by a common centromere
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