Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Shania DeSouza - 19 Protection from Violence - Coggle Diagram
Shania DeSouza - 19 Protection from Violence
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines child maltreatment as “all forms of physical and emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, and exploitation that results in actual or potential harm to the child's health, development or dignity.”
No matter the circumstance, every child has the right to be protected from violence. Child protection systems connect children to vital social services and fair justice systems – starting at birth.
Children experience insidious forms of violence, exploitation and abuse. It happens in every country, and in the places children should be most protected – their homes, schools and communities. Violence against children can be physical, emotional or sexual. And in many cases, children suffer at the hands of the people they trust.
Children in humanitarian settings are especially vulnerable. During armed conflict, natural disasters and other emergencies, children may be forced to flee their homes, some torn from their families and exposed to exploitation and abuse along the way. They risk injury and death. They may be recruited by armed groups. Especially for girls and women, the threat of gender-based violence soars.
Harmful cultural practices pose another grave risk in various parts of the world. Hundreds of millions of girls have been subjected to child marriage and female genital mutilation – even though both are internationally recognized human rights violations.
No matter the circumstance, every child has the right to be protected from violence. Child protection systems connect children to vital social services and fair justice systems – starting at birth. They provide care to the most vulnerable, including children uprooted by conflict or disaster; victims of child labour or trafficking; and those who live with disabilities or in alternative care. Protecting children means protecting their physical and psychosocial needs to safeguard their futures.
Types of Abuse
child maltreatment
bullying and physical fighting among peers
sexual violence and dating violence
assault associated with peer and gang violence
physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse
Impact of Violence
Result in death
Result in negative coping and health risk behaviours
Impair brain and nervous system development.
Lead to unintended pregnancies
Lead to severe injuries
Contribute to a wide range of non-communicable diseases
Impact opportunities and future generations.
Risk Factors
Close-relationship level
lack of emotional bonding between children and parents or caregivers
poor parenting practices
family dysfunction and separation
being associated with delinquent peers
witnessing violence between parents or caregivers
early or forced marriage.
Community level
poverty
high population density
low social cohesion and transient populations
easy access to alcohol and firearms
high concentrations of gangs and illicit drug dealing.
Individual level:
biological and personal aspects such as sex and age
lower levels of education
low income
having a disability or mental health problems
identifying as or being identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender
harmful use of alcohol and drugs
a history of exposure to violence.
Society level
social and gender norms that create a climate in which violence is normalized
health, economic, educational and social policies that maintain economic, gender and social inequalities
absent or inadequate social protection
post-conflict situations or natural disaster
settings with weak governance and poor law enforcement.
Sources
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-children
https://www.unicef.org/protection/violence-against-children
https://ourworldindata.org/violence-against-rights-for-children