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Qualitative (Case Study), Quantitative…
Qualitative (Case Study)
When to Apply?
- Example: Investigating the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PBL) in a rural Malaysian primary school. This would involve a detailed study of the school environment, teacher practices, students' responses, and the overall effectiveness of PBL.
- Application: When the research goal is to explore, describe, and understand complex phenomena within their contexts.
- Example: Businesses can use case studies to effectively showcase their solutions and introduce new products to the market. This helps customers understand how the brand's offerings can address specific problems.
Sampling & Justify
- Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where the researcher selects participants based on specific characteristics or qualities.
- Justification: This method will help the researchers to gain valuable insights and detailed information relevant to the research.
- Snowball sampling is another non-probability sampling technique where researchers start with a few initial participants. Then, these participants refer others, creating a chain of referrals.
- Justification: This method is used when it is hard to find participants, such as studies with hidden or hard-to-reach groups. This way will help the researchers to access a broader and more representative group.
Data Collection
- Often open-ended and flexible, allowing for an in-depth exploration of the case.
- Interview, Observations and Document Analysis
- Justification: Provides detailed, comprehensive data about the case
Validity & Reliability
- External validity (transferability) is about the extent to which the findings can be applied to other contexts.
- Detailed descriptions enable readers to determine if findings can be transferred to similar settings.
- Internal validity (credibility) refers to the accuracy and trustworthiness of the findings.
- Techniques such as triangulation (using multiple data sources), member checking (seeking feedback from participants), and providing rich, thick descriptions help ensure that the findings genuinely represent the participants' perspectives.
- Reliability (dependability) involves the consistency of the research process and findings over time.
- Readibility can be achieved by documenting the research process in detail, maintaining an audit trail, and ensuring transparency in data collection and analysis procedures.
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Introduction
- To obtain in-depth data and understanding of a single case or a small number of cases
- A case study is a qualitative research that involves a comprehensive examination of a particular subject, person, or event.
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Types
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Internal Consistency
The extent to which all items in the survey measure the same concept. This can be assessed using statistical measures such as Cronbach's alpha.
Inter-Rater Reliability
The consistency of responses when different people administer the survey. This is crucial when subjective judgments are involved.
Test-Retest Reliability
The stability of survey results over time. A survey is administered to the same group at two different points in time, and the results are compared.
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