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Theme 1: Cognitive development. - Coggle Diagram
Theme 1: Cognitive development.
Cognitive development in adolescence.
Beyond brain maturation.
These include perception, memory, reasoning, and problem-solving.
Theories of cognitive development go beyond physical brain maturation to explore mental processes.
Metacognition.
Adolescents develop metacognition skills.
Refers to the ability to monitor, regulate, and understand-one's cognitive processes.
Jean Piaget's theory.
Focuses on how individuals perceive, remember, think, and solve problems as they mature.
Piaget proposed a theory of cognitive development, which provides a framework for understanding adolescent cognition.
Piaget's formal operations stage.
Formal operations stage.
Adolescents develop abstract thinking skills, like the ability to solve algebraic problems and consider possibilities for themselves and the world.
Piaget identifies the fourth stage of cognitive development as formal operations, occurring between 11-15.
Assimilation and accommodation.
Adolescents assimilate new information into existing knowledge and accommodate their thinking to incorporate new knowledge.
Equilibration, the process of shifting from one stage of thinking. This occurs as adolescents seek to find balance or new equilibrium in their cognitive structure.
Adolescents construct their cognitive worlds.
Cognitive development progresses, culminating in the ability to think logically and interpret abstract concepts.
Emphasizes that adolescents construct their own cognitive worlds, influenced by brain development and environmental interactions.
Characteristics of formal operations.
Idealism: They become more idealistic and contemplate possibilities for themselves and the world.
Hypothetical deductive reasoning: They engage in hypothetical deductive reasoning, considering hypothetical situations and deducting logical outcomes.
Abstract thinking: Adolescents can think in abstract ways and reason logically.
Information processing.
Influencing factors.
Interpretation and memory: How information is interpreted and what is remembered or forgotten.
Self-context processing: The role of personal ideals, experiences, and values in information processing.
Environmental input: The nature of information received from surroundings.
Language use: The language adolescents use to articulate their thoughts.
Engagement with complex issues: Adolescents develop strong opinions on significant issues.
Idealism and problem-solving: Characterized by the capacity to form images of ideal circumstances and enhanced problem-solving skills.
Bronfenbrenner emphasizes that development occurs within multiple interrelated contexts, not in isolation. His ecological systems theory proposes a layered approach to understanding these environmental influences.
Shift to abstract thinking: Transition from concrete experiences to abstract and logical thinking, enabling them to envision scenarios and engage in complex problem-solving.
Environmental influences on learning: Bronfenbrenner's ecosystemic theory.
Impact of environments: The interplay between all the contexts plays a crucial role in shaping adolescents' physical, cognitive, and emotional development.
Key insight: Understanding the interplay of these systems offers valuable insights into the ways environmental factors influence learning and development among adolescents.
Central to the ecology: At the heart of these systems is the adolescent, who is developing and is influenced by these contexts.
Albert Bandura's social learning theory.
Core concept: Centers on reciprocal determinism, where behavior, cognition, and environment interact in a bidirectional manner rather than a unidirectional flow. It suggests that not only do environmental conditions influence behavior and cognition, but individuals' behaviors and cognitive processes can also shape their environment.
Mechanisms of learning: According to Bandura, adolescents learn through observation. This includes:
Cognitive processes: Thinking, reasoning, imagining, and planning are inherently social processes developed through interaction with the social environment.
Behavioral feedback: An individual's behavior affects and is affected by both their cognitive processes and their environment.
Modeling: Observing and emulating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others.
Social nature of learning: Bandura emphasizes that learning is a social process. Cognitive skills are cultivated through observation and interaction within a social context.
Interconnectedness: The theory highlights the interconnectedness of personal factors, behavioral patterns, and environmental influences, illustrating how each component influences and is influenced by the others.