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11.03 THE FIGHT FOR EUROPEAN DOMINACE, image, image, image, image - Coggle…
11.03 THE FIGHT FOR EUROPEAN DOMINACE
1 THE THIRTY YEARS OLD
In the 17th century, conflicts between the most important Eurpean monarchies continued
There was a period of peaceuntil 1618, when the Thirty Years War began
It began in the Holy Roman Empire for religious reasons
When the Habsburg emperor, Fernando II, restrictedsome of the Protestants religious freedoms
As they tried to achieve dominace over the continent
The conflict was between Catholics and and Protestants
The first phase of the war ended
With a Catholic victory at the Battle of White Mountain (Bohemia) in 1620
In 1621, the Twelve Years’ Truce between the Hispanic Monarchy and the Dutch Republic ended
The Dutch Republic decided to support the rebel Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire
The Protestant kingdoms of Denmark (1625) and Sweden (1631) also became involved.
In 1635, France intervened too, supporting the Protestants
Eventually, the Peace of Westphalia was signed in 1648
This treaty brought about a series of major changes in Europe, the most important being:
The right to religious freedom in the Holy Roman Empire.
A formal recognition of the independence of the Dutch Republic.
A modification of the borders of the Holy Roman Empire
As France and Sweden received territories.
The Peace of the Pyrenees was signed.
Protestants
Catholics