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B7 Non-communiable diseases., cancer - Coggle Diagram
B7 Non-communiable diseases.
Risk Factors
That risk factors are things that increase the likelihood that someone will develop a certain disease, but having a risk factors doesn’t mean that someone will definitely get the disease.
That risk factors could be related to aspects of a person’s lifestyle (e.g. how much alcohol they drink), the presence of certain substances in the environment (e.g. air pollution), or the presence of substances in someone’s body (e.g. asbestos fibres).
That many non-communicable diseases are caused by multiple risk factors interacting with each other - for example, Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some lung and liver diseases.
How the incidence of non-communicable diseases can be affected by lifestyle-related factors (e.g. smoking and diet) at a global, national and local level. There are human and financial costs of these diseases.
Correlations
That some risk factors have been proven to directly cause a disease (causal mechanism), whereas some risk factors have not. For example:
The effects of diet, smoking and exercise on cardiovascular disease.
Obesity as a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes.
The effect of alcohol on the liver and brain function.
The effect of smoking on lung disease and lung cancer.
The effects of smoking and alcohol on unborn babies.
Carcinogens, including ionising radiation, as risk factors in cancer.
Cancer
That cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth and division triggered by certain changes in cells, which leads to the formation of growths of abnormal cells called tumours.
That benign tumours are tumours that stay in one place in the body and aren’t able to spread to and invade other tissues
That malignant tumours are cancerous and are able to grow and spread into neighbouring tissues
That cells can break off malignant tumours and travel in the bloodstream to cause secondary tumours in other parts of the body.
That there are lots of different lifestyle-related risk factors for developing cancer that have been identified by scientists, such as smoking, obesity, exposure to too much UV radiation (e.g. from the Sun or sunbeds) or infection with certain viruses.
That there are also risk factors for cancer related to genetics - inheriting certain genes could increase a person’s chances of developing certain cancers
cancer