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DRONES - Coggle Diagram
DRONES
CHAPTER TWO 2 A SKY FULL OF DRONES
About 430,000 drones were sold in the United States in 2014.
That number more than doubled in 2015
Most of these drones were purchased for recreational use.
Others are used in such fields as agriculture, industry, police and rescue work, and science
INDUSTRIAL DRONES
Oil companies are using low-flying drones in Alaska to survey oil fields.
Many of these oil fields are in remote areas that are difficult to reach
Some state departments of transportation are using drones to check the stability of bridges,highways, and other parts of local infrastructure.
ON THE FARM AND UNDER THE SEA
Drones are also helping with agricultural projects.
Aaron Sheller set up drones with alive video feed so he could inspect his crops from a distance
In the Pacific Northwest, the U.S. NOAA uses a drone called an environmental sample processor to retrieve and analyze water samples.
BOTH SIDES OF THE LAW
Law enforcement agencies use drones to search for criminal suspects and escaped convicts.
They have also used drones to strengthen surveillance at large public gatherings and other events where terrorism is a potential threat
Criminal groups have used UAVs to smuggle drugs and other illegal items into prisons.
Other people are using drones to spy on their neighbors.
Terrorists may try to use drones to spray toxic chemicals in the air over crowded public events.
DRONES TO THE RESCUE
Because of their ability to reach remote locations that other aircraft can’t, drones are ideal for search-and-rescue operations.
They can get needed supplies to victims of floods, earthquakes, and other natural disasters.
Lifeguards on one beach in California are using drones to watch for sharks in the water.
In Africa, elephants and rhinoceroses are often the targets of poachers. Drones are being used to spot poachers in action.
MODERN MARVELS
GPS
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a network of satellites that orbit Earth.
Many people use GPS technology to navigate while driving or use maps on smartphones
FROM MILITARY TO CIVILIAN USE
GPS was created in the 1960s to help the U.S. military protect the country from attacks
Chapter one: Unmanned Aircraft
UAVs are also known as drones, they are pilotless
They first came into major use as military weapons.
But drones are more than just weapons
They are useful for conducting scientific research, taking photographs, and just having fun.
UAVs=Unmanned aircraft vehicles
Before airplanes, the Montgolfier brothers were the first to achieve flight, using hot-air balloons.
Before that, they sent animals and humans up in the air
In 1849, the Austrian military launched 200 pilotless balloons loaded with explosives toward Venice, Italy
Air Torpedoes
The first manned airplanes were created in the early 1900s.
Almost immediately, militaries began using them to observe and attack enemies.
In1917, the U.S. Navy hired inventor Elmer Ambrose Sperry to help design “air torpedoes.”
These devices were basically airplanes loaded with dynamite
At the time, they were a failure
Until the 1930s, the U.S. Navy experimented with radio-controlled armored aircraft that were used as targets in bombing practice.
Past Marvels
TESLA’S TELEAUTOMATON
Nikola Tesla demonstrated one of the first wireless remotes in New York in 1898.
Tesla used his so-called teleautomaton to control the movements of a miniature boat.
The device controlled the boat using telegraph signals
IN CONTROL
Today, remote control devices are a common part of every day life
You might use a remote to turn on your TV, play a videogame, or fly a small drone in your backyard.
TRICYCLES AND BOATS
In the early 1900s, Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres Quevedo invented his own telegraph transmitter similar to Tesla’s
He called it the Telekino
Torres Quevedo used the device to guide a full-sized boat in the Spanish port of Bilbao.
Later, he was also able to control a tricycle and submarine torpedoes.
LIGHT VS. SOUND
Remote controls became especially popular for changing channels on TV sets.
Early TV remotes emitted focused flashes of light.
These signals were detected by adevice built in to the TV
Unfortunately, these devices couldn’t always tell the remote’ slight apart from other sources.
Later TV remotes used ultrasound signals instead of light.
Ultra sound remotes were the standard until the 1980s, when infrared-light-signal remotes surpassed them.
Unlike with earlier light-based remotes, infrared signals could easily be distinguished from other light sources
WORLD WAR II
Military drones played a significant role in World War II (1939–1945).
Germany invented the V-1, a small aircraft that carried a 1,900-pound (862-kilogram)explosive device.
The V-1 was programmed to fly to its target and then plunge to the ground.
The Germans launched 19,000 V-1s during the war
The U.S. Navy developed its own unmanned bombers as part of Operation Anvil
Remote control helped guide these explosive UAVs to their targets
SLOW DEVELOPMENT
The United States brought over the German scientists who had developed the V-1 to work in the budding U.S. space program.
These experts created something similar to a drone with the guided cruise missile of the 1950s
During the Vietnam War (1954–1975), the United States dropped drones from airplanes to carry out reconnaissance missions.
Firts Things Firts
SIKORSKY LEADS THE WAY
In 1936, German inventor Heinrich Focke designed a twin-rotor helicopter that flew for more than an hour.
It wasn’t until 1939 that Russian American engineer Igor Sikorsky took to the air with the first practical helicopter, the VS-300.
SPINNING THROUGH THE SKIES
Many present-day drones resemble tiny helicopters
Like full-sized helicopters, they rely on spinning blades called rotors to fly
The inventor and artist Leonardo da Vinci sketched out an idea for a helicopter-like flying machine in the late 15th century.
HELICOPTERS VS. DRONES
Many drones use the same type of over head rotary blades as helicopters.
They have the same advantages in flight that helicopters do
DAY OF THE DRONE
On June 9, 1982, the drone became a true weapon of war.
Israel, at war with Syria and Lebanon, launched its new Predator drones against Syria’s antiaircraft missile defense sites
In the 1990s, the U.S. Air Force obtained Predator drones from Israel and used them to spy on enemy forces during the war in Kosovo.
PREDATOR ATTACKS
In 2002, the first armed Predator was sent by the
CIA to attack terrorist leader Osama bin Laden.
Instead, it killed three innocent civilians.
Drone controllers are often thousands of miles away from combat, but they can push a button and kill an enemy they never see.
Many civilians are affected by these attacks. This only fuels the controversy surrounding drones.