The latest model is the Bio-Psycho-Social (multidimensional) model, introduced by WHO in 2001 through the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). This model represents a synthesis of the medical and social models, viewing disability as a dynamic interaction between health conditions and contextual factors, both personal and environmental. It incorporates biological, psychological, and social dimensions, recognizing that personal factors (like motivation and self-esteem) and environmental factors (like accessibility and societal attitudes) both play crucial roles in an individual's functioning