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CUE: Mumbai - Coggle Diagram
CUE: Mumbai
Socio-economic issues
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poor living conditions - cramped, poorly built homes, without water supply/ sanitation --> a risk to health, spread of disease
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rich live close to the CBD in high-rise apartments - richest districts are Bandra & Andheri, which have restaurants, private hospitals, shopping centres
Inequality in education:
- 60% literacy rate in slums
- 90% literacy rate in the city as a whole
- lower for women
Lack of opportunities for women in slums:
- without qualifications, some resort to prostitution
- higher rates of HIV/STIs in poorer communities
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only 30% in slums have access to public healthcare:
- disease outbreaks common (malaria etc)
- high infant mortality rate (26 per 1000)
Influx of African migrants due to economic development:
- racial discrimination
- forced to live in slums as can't find jobs/ rent
- verbal abuse, greater risk of arrest by police
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Antilia: world's most expensive home valued at $4.9 billion
The average Indian would have to work for 3 centuries to pay for a luxury Mumbai home
Dharavi Slum
in central Mumbai, home to over 1 million people
History:
- mangrove swamp inhabited by Koli fishermen in 1800s
- swamp filled in, fishing grounds lost, more land for others
- potter's colony & tanneries established
- thousands migrated to work in rapidly expanding textile industry
- very diverse neighbourhood
thousands of micro-industries (garment makers, tanners, welders, potters) produce $650M annually
world's highest pop. density at 300,000 people per square km
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as urban sprawl occurs northwards, Dharavi was in a prime area in the new business district - key target for developers to make money from luxury apartments
government-led Dharavi Redevelopment Project:
- residents since 2000 given free 300-square-foot house
- loss of community networks & businesses
- away from centre so difficult to find work
- running, clean water, infrastructure good
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Natural Disasters
monsoon climate, highest annual precipitation in India (960mm in July)
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seismically active area, EQ's are rare but could cause tsunamis - low lying land is vulnerable
Slums more vulnerable: poorly constructed houses on floodplains - 70% of Mithi River's embankments occupied by informal settlements
July 2005:
- monsoon rain at a 100-year high
- Mithi River burst it's banks + high tide = devastating flood
- 400 people died
- 10,000 homes destroyed
- drainage system flood > water contamination > waterborne diseases killed more
-nowhere for rainwater to go as developments replace parks, gardens, wetlands, mangrove swamps
Background
megacity in the state of Maharashtra, west coast of India
global importance - major port on Indian Ocean, India's financial centre, hub of industry & services, cultural centre (Bollywood movie industry)
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