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WAN - 02 Basics, Access Options - Coggle Diagram
WAN - 02
Basics
Considerations
Purpose
Geographic Scope
Traffic Requrements
Private or Public
Infrastructure
Dedicated or Switched
Type of VPN
(Public)
Local Availability
Cost
WAN
Technologies
Point-to-point
Dedicated leased-line Connection
Transparent to the customer
Hub-and-spoke
Between multiple sites
All Communications go through the hub.
Full Meshed
Sites can communicate directly with each other.
Large Number of virtual circuits
Dual-Homed
Redundancy
Load Balancing
Cencepts
Beyond the geographic area of a LAN.
To interconnect enterprise LAN to remote LANs.
Owned by a single service provider.
Standards
TIA / EIA
ISO
Layers
Physical
Electrical, Machanical Spec
Data Link
Encapsulation
Physical Addressing
Flow Control
Protocols
HDLS
PPP
Frame relay
Ethernet WAN
MPLS
VSAT
Broadband
IEEE
Terminology
DTE
DCE
CPE
Service Provider
Network Infrastructure
SONET
SDH
DWDM
Operations
Packet Switching
Connection-less
Path decided on-the-go
Different packets may go through different paths
No dedicated circuit
between nodes
Less Resource Wastage
Less Reliable
Connection-oriented
Allocated path.
Packets wait at each node for link availability
Packet does not have addressing information
Just the path number.
Ex
PSTN
Frame Relay
Multiplexing
FDM
TDM
WDM
Wavelength DM
Access Options
Private
Dedicated
Leased Lines
Examples
T3/E3
T1/E1
Permanent & Dedicated
Connection
Always Active
Price
Distance
Bandwidth
Bits
Switched
Circuit-switched
PSTN
(Dial-up)
Analog Data over existing PSTN
On-demand WAN
Cannot use while a call is made.
ISDN
Digital Data over existing PSTN
TDM
Backup for Leased line
Bandwidth
BRI
Home
Small Office
2 x 64KB/s
Voice & Data
16KB/s
Signal & Call Setups
PRI
Large Organizations
Packet-switched
Metro Ethernet
(Wide Area Ethernet - WAE)
Fiber Optic Cabling
Standards
IEEE 12000BASE-LX
Up to 5km
IEEE 1000BASE - ZX
Up to 70 km
Reduced Expenses
Easy integration with exsisting networks
To replace frame relay & ATM
Frames
MPLS
Any type of Data Unit
(Multi Protocol)
QoS
Forward Equivalence Classes
(FEC)
Frame Relay
Permanent
Virtual
Circuit
(Dedicated Connection)
Path of each frame may change
Routes
Selection
Identifier on Header
(Data Link Connection Identifier)
Unique to PVC
Single Router for multiple Connections
Voice + Data
Frames
ATM
Voice, Video & Data
Cells
Uses Asynchronous TDM
VPN
Benefits
Cost Savings
Security
Scalability
Compatible with Broadband
Types
Site-to-site
Connect networks
Remote VPN
Individual Users
Public
Internet
Broadband
VPN
DSL
Cable
Wireless
WiMAX
Municipal Wi-Fi
VSAT
(Satellite)
3G, 4G & 5G
(Cellular)