Delphi and Olympia
Siphnian Treasury, Delphi
dated before 525BC, a terminus ante quem provided by Herodotus, as this is when the Siphnians were invaded by the Samians
6.13m x 8.55m
Ionic and distyle in antis
Naxian and Parian marble was used for the elaborate floral bands, and carved friezes and pediments respectively
Siphnian marble for its walls, which was of a particularly low quality - wanted piece of home in the treasury
friezes
Two sculptors worked on the friezes of the treasury – Master A on the wast and sauth sides and Master B on the beast and borth
the west side depicts the judgement of Paris, the south an abduction at a sacrifice, the east a scene from the Trojan cycle, and the north a Gigantomachy
the east frieze shows a group of Olympians like Hermes to the left, who have assembled to weigh the fates of the fighters to the right, such as Achilles
Hermes is shown with weighing scales to judge the fates of the combatants
bad interpretations
Neer spearheads some far-reaching conclusions about the imagery of the friezes
he suggests that the image of Hermes with scale-pans is reminiscent of mercantile imagery, and perhaps reflects the economy of Siphnos
Siphnos mined their own metals in nearby quarries and then distributed the products amongst its people
he supplements this by referencing the north frieze, which includes Hephaistos as god of metallurgy, who is shown next to a small forge
the iconography of metals leads Neer to think this reflects the egalitarian economy of Siphnos
disagree - surely they would've chosen something else to depict this. trojan war evokes heroism, gigantomachy evokes power of the Olympians against disorder
Caryatids
Caryatids harness the beauty and modesty of korai, acted as an offering to the god also, they resemble votive korai
Athenian treasury, Delphi
the first building dedicated by the Athenians in a Pan-Hellenic sanctuary
Pausanias tells us that this was built to commemorate victory at Marathon, September 490BC, along with a limestone pediment that would have held 10 bronze statues
However, the archaic style of the sculpture on the treasury has led many to date the building to the generation before Marathon, c. 510 BC
Metopes
6 on the east and west, 9 on the north and south
categorised into 4 broad categories: deeds of Herakles, deeds of Theseus, Herakles with cattle of Geryon, amazonomachy
Herakles was a pan-hellenic hero par excellence, and Theseus a local Athenian hero
by including them both very similarly, Theseus is elevated to Herakles' level, and vice versa
Athens can present themselves as Greek, but distinct and unique
architecture
all from imported parian marble, high quality
however, Paros had been sympathetic to the Mede
could theorise that Athens wanted to exploit the materials of Paros to reflect who won, but then this would have given money to Paros??
best not to read politically into it, they probably just wanted high quality marble
distyle in antis
Delphi Charioteer
1.81m high
the overall sculpture is a quadriga with 4 horses, charioteer and a groom.
has a terracotta core and metal armature
inscription: "Polyzalus dedicated me. ... Make him prosper, honoured Apollo"
polyzalus could be the tyrant ruler of Gela at the time
made using the lost wax method
he dedicated this statue to commemorate his victory in the chariot race in the Pythian games, and to offer thanks to the god Apollo for his win
shows the inclusion of Magna Graecia in pan-hellenic sanctuaries, suggests that tyrants of Sicily wished to prove themselves
pythian games happened every 4 years, so this is dated to either 478 or 474BC
style
characteristics of the Severe style, shows that this was taken up readily even by cultures outside mainland Greece
fixed stare, eyes under brow bone, pouty mouth, finely articulated folds of drapery
Temple of Zeus at Olympia
financed by the spoils from Pisa, and thus construction began shortly after the victory in 471/0BC
East Pediment
depicts the chariot race of Oinomaos and Pelops
early classical style used here because we can easily distinguish the different ages represented
Oinomaos is stockier whereas his opponent is slightly more slender
both in more natural stances with asymmetry
Seer in typical gesture of distress or anxiety
shows power of Early Classical style to articulate emotions
age shown on his face with wrinkles in forehead
women like Hippodameia shown in classical style heavy peplos
West Pediment
depicts a centauromachy at the wedding of Perithious, Lapith king and grandson of Zeus
some details of anatomy are extremely well articulated
anguish is shown on the face
the age of the man is clear due to his beard
the hands are well-rendered with articulation of knuckles
architecture
A native architect, Libon of Elis, was employed to design it
much of the temple uses local limestone presumably from a nearby quarry across the Alpheios
expensive Parian marble is reserved for the tiles, gutter, and sculpture
six columns at the front, thirteen at the sides, and a double interior colonnade
pediments were over 87 feet long and 10 ½ feet high
external doric frieze of 68 metopes, left blank
metopes
12 interior metopes, 6 above the east entrance and 6 above the west
each approx. 5 feet square
depict the twelve labours of Heracles, of course the son of Zeus
Herakles resonated with the area, as he was said to have marked out the sacred enclosure (altis) of the sanctuary, and founded the Olympic games
they portray the passage of time and ageing of both Herakles and Athena - in the first metope Athena is youthful, by the tenth she is mature