Delphi and Olympia

Siphnian Treasury, Delphi

250px-Treasury_of_the_Siphnians_by_Hansen

dated before 525BC, a terminus ante quem provided by Herodotus, as this is when the Siphnians were invaded by the Samians

6.13m x 8.55m

Ionic and distyle in antis

Naxian and Parian marble was used for the elaborate floral bands, and carved friezes and pediments respectively

Siphnian marble for its walls, which was of a particularly low quality - wanted piece of home in the treasury

friezes

Two sculptors worked on the friezes of the treasury – Master A on the wast and sauth sides and Master B on the beast and borth

the west side depicts the judgement of Paris, the south an abduction at a sacrifice, the east a scene from the Trojan cycle, and the north a Gigantomachy

the east frieze shows a group of Olympians like Hermes to the left, who have assembled to weigh the fates of the fighters to the right, such as Achilles

Hermes is shown with weighing scales to judge the fates of the combatants

bad interpretations

Neer spearheads some far-reaching conclusions about the imagery of the friezes

he suggests that the image of Hermes with scale-pans is reminiscent of mercantile imagery, and perhaps reflects the economy of Siphnos

Siphnos mined their own metals in nearby quarries and then distributed the products amongst its people

he supplements this by referencing the north frieze, which includes Hephaistos as god of metallurgy, who is shown next to a small forge

the iconography of metals leads Neer to think this reflects the egalitarian economy of Siphnos

disagree - surely they would've chosen something else to depict this. trojan war evokes heroism, gigantomachy evokes power of the Olympians against disorder

Caryatids

Caryatids harness the beauty and modesty of korai, acted as an offering to the god also, they resemble votive korai

Athenian treasury, Delphi

the first building dedicated by the Athenians in a Pan-Hellenic sanctuary

Pausanias tells us that this was built to commemorate victory at Marathon, September 490BC, along with a limestone pediment that would have held 10 bronze statues

However, the archaic style of the sculpture on the treasury has led many to date the building to the generation before Marathon, c. 510 BC

Metopes

6 on the east and west, 9 on the north and south

categorised into 4 broad categories: deeds of Herakles, deeds of Theseus, Herakles with cattle of Geryon, amazonomachy

Herakles was a pan-hellenic hero par excellence, and Theseus a local Athenian hero

by including them both very similarly, Theseus is elevated to Herakles' level, and vice versa

Athens can present themselves as Greek, but distinct and unique

architecture

all from imported parian marble, high quality

however, Paros had been sympathetic to the Mede

could theorise that Athens wanted to exploit the materials of Paros to reflect who won, but then this would have given money to Paros??

best not to read politically into it, they probably just wanted high quality marble

distyle in antis

Delphi Charioteer

1.81m high

the overall sculpture is a quadriga with 4 horses, charioteer and a groom.

has a terracotta core and metal armature

inscription: "Polyzalus dedicated me. ... Make him prosper, honoured Apollo"

polyzalus could be the tyrant ruler of Gela at the time

made using the lost wax method

he dedicated this statue to commemorate his victory in the chariot race in the Pythian games, and to offer thanks to the god Apollo for his win

shows the inclusion of Magna Graecia in pan-hellenic sanctuaries, suggests that tyrants of Sicily wished to prove themselves

pythian games happened every 4 years, so this is dated to either 478 or 474BC

style

characteristics of the Severe style, shows that this was taken up readily even by cultures outside mainland Greece

fixed stare, eyes under brow bone, pouty mouth, finely articulated folds of drapery

Temple of Zeus at Olympia

financed by the spoils from Pisa, and thus construction began shortly after the victory in 471/0BC

central-group-4

East Pediment

depicts the chariot race of Oinomaos and Pelops

early classical style used here because we can easily distinguish the different ages represented

Oinomaos is stockier whereas his opponent is slightly more slender

both in more natural stances with asymmetry

40c. Temple of Zeus, west pediment, seer.preview

Seer in typical gesture of distress or anxiety

shows power of Early Classical style to articulate emotions

age shown on his face with wrinkles in forehead

women like Hippodameia shown in classical style heavy peplos

423

West Pediment

depicts a centauromachy at the wedding of Perithious, Lapith king and grandson of Zeus

some details of anatomy are extremely well articulated

close-up-statue-archaeological-site-olympia-temple-zeus-156905444

anguish is shown on the face

the age of the man is clear due to his beard

the hands are well-rendered with articulation of knuckles

architecture

A native architect, Libon of Elis, was employed to design it

much of the temple uses local limestone presumably from a nearby quarry across the Alpheios

expensive Parian marble is reserved for the tiles, gutter, and sculpture

six columns at the front, thirteen at the sides, and a double interior colonnade

pediments were over 87 feet long and 10 ½ feet high

external doric frieze of 68 metopes, left blank

metopes

12 interior metopes, 6 above the east entrance and 6 above the west

each approx. 5 feet square

depict the twelve labours of Heracles, of course the son of Zeus

Herakles resonated with the area, as he was said to have marked out the sacred enclosure (altis) of the sanctuary, and founded the Olympic games

they portray the passage of time and ageing of both Herakles and Athena - in the first metope Athena is youthful, by the tenth she is mature