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Eugene K - Task 2 HASS Biomes Assesment: Brazil image - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Coffee Brazil is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of coffee.
      - Corn A staple crop. It is often roasted on the cob over hot coals. Corn is also used in various dishes.
      - Sugarcane A crucial crop in Brazil, used for producing sugar, ethanol fuel.
      - Rice A staple food in Brazilian cuisine and is often served with beans.
        
        https://docs.google.com/document/d/193oDhI3bXBB1iGQp9vTBQQSWdYniDWh0OGJUmzKtoTg/edit?usp=sharing
      - Soybeans Brazil is a major producer and exporter soybeans. Soybeans are primarily used for oil production and animal feed.
- - - - Brazil produces (and exports) lots of coffee. Brazil has been the largest producer of coffee for the past 150 years globally, supplying around one-third of the world's coffee production. The country has ideal climate conditions for growing coffee. Although Coffee is not native to Brazil!
        
        Pressure on farmers to yield more coffee from harvests. In response to rising demand and diminishing supplies, farmers are under pressure to make more coffee. This causes them to look for other methods that could increase their harvests.
        
        Farmers switch to sun-grown coffee. To meet the high demand for coffee, many farmers transition from shade-grown to sun-grown coffee farming. Sun-grown coffee requires clearing land of existing vegetation (trees), resulting in deforestation and loss of biodiversity.
        
        Farmers begin to deforest to create room. To make way for sun-grown coffee farms resulting in significant habitat destruction.
        
        Loss of biodiversity: Removing natural habitats like forests disrupts ecosystems and leads to declines in species diversity.
        
        Degrading Ecosystems Loss of Biodiversity
        
        Soil burns up, losing nutrients, Exposing soil to direct sunlight causes it to dry out and lose essential nutrients needed for healthy plant growth.
        
        Farmers use fertiliser and pesticides, using chemicals to improve soil fertility and control pests. They could leak into waterways, harming aquatic life and polluting drinking water. Additionally, it can be possible over time the development of resistant pest populations form, causing vastly more potent usage. Overall, this contributes to the destruction of ecosystems and threaten long-term sustainability in coffee farming.
        
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  - - - How farmers over-come these problems
        
        Unfortunately, due to the sun burning the soil that is exposed (that when utilising shade-grown techniques were not exposed) rapidly degrades the soil increasing erosion. This system destroys the soil health and farmers use more water, stronger fertilisers along with high agrochemical (chemicals such as pesticides) inputs, to maintain yields.
        
        Evaluation Of Proposed Solution
        
        Soil degradation and erosion
        
        Water usage: Sun-grown coffee could need more water to maintain plants, the direct sunlight could dry out the soil more. This can lead to water insecurity, especially during drought.
        
        Yield changes: While sun-grown coffee can result in higher yields due to the increased sunlight exposure, the long-term effects of soil degradation and erosion can cause low productivity. This can negatively impact the profitability of coffee farmers and the overall supply of coffee globally
        
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        Fertiliser and agrochemical inputs
      - Comparison Between Shade-Grown and Sun-Grown Coffee Techniques
        
        Sun-Grown Grows Faster, Requires more water, fertiliser and pesticides, Supports less biodiversity (due to the lack of diversity and the artificial environment that is created).
        
        Shade-Grown Grows Slower, Requires less water, fertiliser and pesticides. Supports greater biodiversity. Sustains ecosystems. Additionally, people argue shade-grown coffee tastes better.