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Habituation, Sensitization & Perceptual Learning - Coggle Diagram
Habituation, Sensitization & Perceptual Learning
Sensitization: Increase in the strength or occurrence of a behavior due to exposure to an arousing or noxious stimulus
Characteristics
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More generalization, less stimulus specificity (slightly different stimulus→behavior is going to increase)
Spontaneous recovery, short- and long-term forms, massed better than spaced
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What is habituation: A decrease in the strength or occurrence of a reaction potential due to repeated exposure to the stimulus that produces the behavior
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Perceptual Learning, Priming: Repeated stimulus exposure does more than alter reflex responses → also changes your ability to detect and perceive the stimulus
Novel object recognition/ familiarity: altered response to stimuli that have been previously encountered
Priming: When exposure to a stimulus biases future behavior, often without conscious stimulus processing. Works even without conscious recall:
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Due to prior exposure, participants more likely to recognize stimulus and faster to process it.
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Perceptual learning
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Simply encountering a stimulus makes it increasingly easier to tell it apart from other stimuli, with feedback one can learn to tell even subtle differnces in stimuli
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Comparator model
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Explains habituation, as increasing quality of representation decreases responsiveness. Explains perceptual learning, as representation and ability to recognize
Repeated exposure to a stimulus allows construction of a mental representation of the stimulus (mental image)
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Dual-Process Theory
Groves & Thompson (1970) proposed that habituation and sensitization reflect differential activation of two different systems
A high-threshold “state system” that, when activated, increases responses globally
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Perceptual learning occurs due to decreased responding to common stimulus features, allowing only unique / unusual features to control behavior
Differentiation model
Each exposure allows additional small set of stimulus details to be learned, slowly building more precise representations of external stimuli
Similar to comparator model, but more generalized and less focused on habituation