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What is the best method to classify a chemical substance?, BIBLIOGRAPHY -…
What is the best
method
to
classify
a
chemical substance
?
Method
Potential Experiments
Brittleness Test
Electrical Conductivity Test
Malleability Test
Solubility Test
Physical Properties
Covalent Network:
High thermal conductor, High MP/BP, Hard, Brittle, Poor electrical conductor.
Covalent Molecular
: Volatile, Flammable, Soluble, Low MP/BP, Soft, Brittle, Non conductible
Metallic Bonding:
Alloy formation, Good electrical conductor, Good thermal conductor, Malleable, Ductile, High density, Hard, Strong, High MP/BP
Ionic Bonding:
Hard, but Brittle, High MP/BP, Doesn't conduct electricity in the solid state, When melted or dissolved in water, they conduct electricty
Chemical Substance
Mixture
: Two or more different substances not chemically combines
Element
: Pure substance consisting of one type of atom
Compound
: Pure substances consisting of two or more different atoms
Chemical substances are materials with a definite chemical composition, like water (H₂O) or oxygen (O₂). They can be elements or compounds and have unique properties that set them apart from other materials.
Examples of Chemical Substances
Water
Iron
Clothing
Plastic
Stone
Food
Plants
Etc.
Classification
Atomic Bonding
Ionic Bonding
: bonding between a metal and non metal, involved transferring valence electrons from one atom to another
Metallic Bonding
: Bonding between two metals, when the valence electrons are not together, they are constantly moving between atoms, they have a lattice structure
Covalent Network
: A covalent network in a lattice structure have different form normal covalent bonds as they have high melting points and bonds
Covalent Molecular
: Bonding between two non metals, when the valence electrons from one are shared between two or more particular atoms
Different Structure Types
Lattice Structure
Metallic Lattice
usually HM and BP, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable and ductile
Ionic Lattice
a repeating 3D arrangement of ions or atoms in a crystal
usually high melting and boiling points, brittle and can conduct electricity when molten or solution form
Covalent Molecular
Covalent bond
Usually low MP and BP, strong bonds, poor electric conductivity
Covalent Network
Covalent bond
usually high MP and BP, strong bonds, poor electric conductivity
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Atkins, P. and de Paula, J., 2010. Physical Chemistry. 9th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Brown, T.L., LeMay, H.E., Bursten, B.E. and Murphy, C.J., 2009. Chemistry: The Central Science. 11th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Petrucci, R.H., Herring, F.G., Madura, J.D. and Bissonnette, C., 2011. General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications. 10th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Housecroft, C.E. and Sharpe, A.G., 2012. Inorganic Chemistry. 4th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.