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Absolutism and the end of hispanic dominance, image, image, image, image,…
Absolutism and the end of hispanic dominance
absolutism and the parlamentary system
absolutism: France under Louis XIV
17th century
authoritarian monarchies
developed into
absolute monarchies
supported the belief
the king held absolute power over everybody
called absolutism
main proponents
Thomas Hobbes
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Jacques Bossuet
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Absolute monarchies
permanent army of professional soldiers
under the orders of the king
royal treasury able to raise revenue
growing
centralisation of political
administrative decisions
in
the royal courts
the monarchy’s governmental bodies
marginalise
courts
parliaments
ideology
defending the king’s supremacy
over all others
example of an absolute monarchy
Louis XIV of France
beginning of his reign
Fronde took place
a series of civil wars
nobility, cities and provinces with their parliaments
fighting with the king and his supporters
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ordered the construction
of a great Royal Palace of Versailles
located in Paris
from there
he governed France
the parlamentary system in England
other territories
monarch’s power was controlled by
parliaments
courts
this control was to protect against the absolutist pretensions of the monarchy
for example
Dutch Republic
Venice
Stuart dynasty
tried to establish an absolute monarchy
causing the English Civil War
Parliamentarian army won
led by Oliver Cromwell
republic was declared
under Cromwell’s dictatorial leadership
Cromwell died
the House of Stuart returned to the throne
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Parliament chose Mary II and her husband William III of Orange
as the new monarchs
were selected
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Charles I was executed
changes in the 17th century
Population
15th and 16th centuries
the number of inhabitants actually decreased
four main reasons in the 17th century
Wars
There were large conflicts
such as
English Civil War
the Thirty Years’ War
that affected almost the whole continent
Epidemics
Malnutrition caused by failed harvests
the effects of successive wars helped the plague to spread
Poor harvests
main economic activity was
agriculture
but a series of poor harvests
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Poor hygiene
contributed to the spread of the plague
ineffective medical care
Poor hygienic conditions
scoiety
17th century
there were
major international wars
severe economic problems
especially
farming sector
textile industries
political conflicts
often led
civil wars
resulted in
series of popular revolts
social unrest
Many revolts protested military conscription
the fiscal policy of the monarchies
increased taxes to finance their armies
to win wars
In rural areas
noblemen
accumulated property
by confiscating those of impoverished
led to peasant revolts.
atlantic triangular trade
trading system operated from 16th to early 19th centuries
they exchanged silver for spices
In America
were sold
the slaves
most valuable products
Ships left European ports
with all kinds of products
In Africa
they exchanged the least valuable goods
for slaves
the fight for european dominance
the thirty years' war
17th century
continued
as they tried to achieve dominance over the continent
conflicts
between the most important European monarchies
between Catholics and protestants
catholic won in 1620
period of peace until 1618
when the Thirty Years’ War began
began in the Holy Roman Empire
for religious reasons
Habsburg Emperor
restricted some of the Protestants’ religious freedoms
In 1621, the Twelve Years’ Truce between the Hispanic Monarchy and the Dutch Republic ended.
the defenestration of prague
Bohemian Protestants
threw the emperor’s Catholic representatives
out of the window
The Thirty Years’ War was no longer a religious conflict
became a fight
to make the Hispanic Monarchy recognise the Dutch Republic’s independence
struggle for European dominance between
France
Spain
Peace of Westphalia was signed
in 1648
this brought about a series of major changes in Europe
independence of the Dutch Republic
modification of the borders of the Holy Roman Empire
the right to religious freedom
hispanic kingdoms in the 17th century
The socio economic situation
the expulsion of the moriscos
During Felipe III’s reign
the policy of religious uniformity begun by the Catholic Monarchs
was implemented with the expulsion of the moriscos
in the years (1609–1614)
The expulsion was
to protect the prestige of a monarchy
that is protected catholicism
the political situation
17th-century monarchs
introduced a new way of governing appointing
validos
were the king’s favourites
most important validos
Duke of Lerma
under Felipe III
(1598–1621)
during him as a valido
Spain made peace with England
he was accused of using his power to make rich
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Count-Duke of Olivares
under Felipe IV
(1621–1665)
during him in goverment
The aim of his international and domestic policy was to revive the monarchy’s prestige
the reign of felipe IV
the Portuguese revolt
Portuguese nobility took advantage of the Catalan Revolt
to proclaim John IV
king of Portugal
This started a war
resulted in the independence
of Portugal
the Catalan revolt
Cataluña became independent
then requested France’s help
conflict ended in 1659
County of Rosellón was ceded to France
sepatists conspiracies
Plots by the nobility to separate
Andalucía
Aragón
Carlos II had also a series of validos
during Carlos II’s reign
were lost to France
numerous European territories
began to recover economically
the kingdoms of
Crown of Aragón and the territories of the Cantabrian
17th century
Hispanic dominance was broken
there were problems
economic
social
in the Hispanic kingdoms
The kings during this period
were called Austrias menores
society
picaros and mendigos
survived of
charity
being servants
scamming people
poor hidalgos
members of the lower nobility
refused to work
increased the number of disadvantaged people
bandits or outlaws
worked in gangs
to rob people in the road
